BOLIVIA. 



BRAZIL. 



59 



1,91,5, of 1,486,817 tons, of those entered and 1,91(5, 

 of 1,480,084 tons, of those cleared were Belgian; 

 980, of 1,451,901 tons, of those entered and 975, of 

 1,417,665 tons, of those cleared were German; and 

 afterward in order came the Norwegian, Danish, 

 French, Dutch, Japanese, Swedish, and Russian 

 flags. 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. The 

 length of railroads in operation on Jan. 1, 1898, 

 was 2,867 miles, of which 2,069 miles were operated 

 by the Government and 798 miles by private com- 

 panies. The number of passengers carried on the 

 Government railroads during 1897 was 91,359,843, 

 paying 57,160,275 francs; on the companies' rail- 

 roads, 22,993,483 passengers, paying 12,028,506 

 francs. The gross receipts of the Government rail- 

 roads were 170,412,728 francs, and expenses 102,- 

 081,540 francs; receipts on companies' lines were 

 42,333,896 francs, and expenses 20,202,378 francs. 

 The capital cost of the Government lines was 

 1,461,434,198 francs. 



The post office in 1898 forwarded 123,040,221 

 private and 23,455,925 official letters, 53,174,433 

 postal cards, 107,900,411 printed packets, and 

 122,451,701 newspapers. The receipts were 22,- 

 634,951 francs; expenses, 12,425,263 francs. 



The Government telegraph lines in 189S had a 

 total length of 3,960 miles, with 45,944 miles of 

 wire. The number of messages transmitted during 

 the year was 10,505,200; receipts were 7,880,485 

 francs, and expenses 6,222,503 francs. 



Political Affairs. A new Chamber of Repre- 

 sentatives was elected at the end of May. The 

 result was as follows: Catholics, 85; Christian 

 Democrats, 1 ; Liberals and Radicals, 33 ; Social- 

 ists, 33. Brussels elected 5 Socialists, 2 Progres- 

 sives, 8 Catholics, and 3 Liberals to the Chamber. 

 The provincial elections did not disturb the pre- 

 dominance of the Catholics, who obtained major- 

 ities in 6 provinces out of 9, although partial suc- 

 cesses were won by Socialists and Liberals. The 

 Socialist party immediately after the elections set 

 on foot a new movement in favor of unrestricted 

 suffrage, and during an extraordinary session of 

 the Chamber held in July the Socialist Left had 

 recourse to obstruction in order to force the Gov- 

 ernment to introduce a bill to establish universal 

 and unrestricted suffrage, while political demon- 

 strations in support of that object took place in 

 the large towns. 



Correspondence with the British Government 

 took place in consequence of an attempt on the 

 life of the Prince of Wales in a railroad car at 

 Brussels committed on April 4 by a young tin- 

 smith, who said that he wanted to kill the British 

 heir apparent because he had caused thousands of 

 men to be slaughtered in South Africa. The 

 would-be assassin, who was only fifteen years old, 

 was tried in July, and the court decided that he 

 was demented, after the jury had found him 

 guilty. 



BOLIVIA, a republic in South America. The 

 Congress consists of a Senate of 18 members, 

 elected for six years, and a House of Representa- 

 tives, containing 64 members, elected for four 

 years by all adult male Bolivians who are able 

 to read and write. The President is elected for 

 four years by the vote of the nation, and is not 

 eligible for the next succeeding term. The Presi- 

 dent, who assumed office on Aug. 15, 1896, was 

 Severo Fernandez Alonso. Dr. Rafael Peua was 

 elected first Vice-President and Dr. Genaro San- 

 jines second Vice-President. On Oct. 20, 1899, the 

 Government was overthrown, and on Oct. 26 Gen. 

 Jose Manuel Pando was declared President. 



Area and Population. The area of Bolivia is 

 567,430 square miles. The population is estimated 



at 2,019,549, not including tribal Indians. About 

 a fourth of the people are white, a fourth of mixed 

 blood, and half are Indian. 



Finances. The revenue in 1899 was estimated 

 in the budget at 7,973,190 bolivianos, and expend- 

 iture at 8,104,200 bolivianos. The foreign debt, se- 

 cured on the customs collected at Arica, amounted 

 in 1898 to 1,084,555 bolivianos, the internal debt 

 to 3,707,541 bolivianos. 



The Army. The active army, consisting of 2 

 infantry battalions, 2 regiments of cavalry, 2 

 regiments of artillery, and 1 battalion of gar- 

 rison in each department, numbers 2,975 men. 

 In the National Guard about 64,000 men are 

 enrolled. 



Commerce and Production. The production 

 of silver in 1897 was 11,765,470 ounces, against 

 9,113,564 ounces in 1896. Other mineral products 

 are tin, copper, lead, zinc, bismuth, antimony, and 

 salt. Rubber, cinchona, coca, and coffee are ex- 

 ported, as well as wool and hides and skins. Pro- 

 visions, hardware, cotton and woolen cloths, cloth- 

 ing, and wines and spirits are imported. The 

 import trade is carried on mainly by German 

 merchants. 



BRAZIL, a federal republic in South America. 

 The National Congress consists of a Senate of 63 

 members, 3 from each state and from the federal 

 district, elected for nine years by direct suffrage, 

 one third retiring every three years, and a House 

 of Deputies, consisting of as many members from 

 each state as there are multiples of 70,000 in its 

 population, elected by universal suffrage, every 

 adult male Brazilian having the right to vote un- 

 less he is a soldier in active service, a member of 

 a monastic order, or a pauper or criminal. The 

 President of the republic is elected by the direct 

 suffrage of the nation. 



The President elected for the term beginning 

 Nov. 15, 1898, is Dr. Manoel Ferraz de Campos 

 Salles. The Vice-President is Dr. Francisco Rosa 

 e Silva. The Cabinet in the beginning of 1900, con- 

 stituted in November, 1898, consisted of the follow- 

 ing members: Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. 

 Olyntho de Magalhaes; Minister of Finance, Dr. 

 Joao Mustinho ; Minister of War, Gen. Joao Nepo- 

 muk de Medeiros Mallet; Minister of Industry, 

 Severino Vieiro; Minister of the Interior and Jus- 

 tice, E. Pessoa; Minister of Marine, Rear- Admiral 

 J. Pinto da Luz. 



Area and Population. The area of Brazil is 

 3,209,878 square miles. The population at the cen- 

 sus of 1890 was 14,333,915. The immigration in 

 1897 was 112,495. In 1898 the total number of 

 immigrants was 53,822, of whom 33.272 were Ital- 

 ians, 11,662 Portuguese, 5,943 Spaniards, 609 Aus- 

 tro-Hungarians, 477 Germans, 247 French, 137 

 Russians; and 129 Swiss. 



Finances.- The estimated revenue for 1898 was 

 328,594,914 milreis, and expenditure 329,398,845 

 milreis. For 1899 the estimated revenue wax 

 346,164,000 milreis, and of expenditure 340,000,423 

 milreis. The budget estimate of revenue for 1900 

 was in paper 289,040,000 milreis, of which 102.- 

 033,000 milreis Avere expected from import duties. 

 35.000,000 milreis from railroads, 15,500,000 milreis 

 from posts and telegraphs, 18,000.000 milreis from 

 stamps, 27,770,000 milreis from excise duties, 13,- 

 152,000 milreis from various ordinary sources, and 

 17,585,000 milreis from extraordinary sources. The 

 estimated revenue to be collected in gold was 

 44,948,000 milreis, of which 18,506,000 milreis were 

 expected from import duties, 310,000 milreis from 

 extraordinary sources, 505,000 milreis from various 

 ordinary sources, and 25,627,000 milreis from the 

 emission of paper currency. The estimated ex- 

 penditure of gold was 36,974,000 milreis, of which 



