CHINA. 



119 



shall be sent to Berlin in order to express the 

 regret of the Emperor of China and of the Chinese 

 Government for the murder of Baron von Ketteler. 

 On the scene of the murder a monument worthy 

 of the assassinated minister shall be erected with 

 an inscription in Latin, German, and Chinese, ex- 

 pressing the regret of the Emperor of China. (2) 

 The death penalty is to be inflicted upon Princes 

 Tuan and Chuang, upon Duke Lan, and, further, 

 upon Ying-nien, Kang-yi, Chao-Shu-Chiao, Tung- 

 Fuhsiang, Yu-Hsien, and other ringleaders, whose 

 names will- be given by the representatives of the 

 powers. In all places where foreigners have been 

 killed or maltreated official examinations shall be 

 suspended for five years. (3) The Chinese Govern- 

 ment shall erect a monument in every foreign or 

 international cemetery which has been desecrated 

 or where the graves have been destroyed. The pro- 

 hibition of the import of arms into China shall be 

 maintained till further notice. (5) China has to 

 pay a just indemnity to governments, corporations, 

 and individuals, as well as to those Chinese who 

 suffered during the recent events in person or in 

 property in consequence of being in the service of 

 foreigners. (6) Every single foreign power is 

 granted the right of maintaining a permanent lega- 

 tion guard and of placing the quarter of Pekin 

 where the legations are situated in a state of de- 

 fense. Chinese are not to be allowed to live in 

 that quarter of Pekin. (7) The Taku forts and 

 those forts which might prevent free communica- 

 tion between Pekin and the sea shall be razed. 



(8) The powers acquire the right of occupying 

 certain points on which they will agree among 

 themselves, with the object of maintaining free 

 communication between the capital and the sea. 



(9) The Chinese Government is bound to post 

 imperial decrees for two years at all subprefec- 

 tures. By these decrees to belong to any anti- 

 foreign sect is forever forbidden under penalty of 

 death; the punishments inflicted upon the guilty 

 are recorded; to prevent fresh disturbances, it is 

 declared that the viceroys, as well as the provincial 

 and local authorities, are made responsible for the 

 maintenance of order in their districts. In the 

 event of fresh anti-foreign disturbances or other 

 infringements of the treaties which are not at once 

 stopped and avenged by punishment of the guilty, 

 these officials shall be promptly deposed and never 

 again intrusted with official functions or invested 

 with fresh dignities. (10) The Chinese Govern- 

 ment undertakes to enter upon negotiations with 

 regard to such alterations in the existing com- 

 mercial and navigation treaties as the foreign 

 governments consider to be desirable, as well as 

 regarding other matters which are concerned with 

 facilitating commercial relations. (11) The Chi- 

 nese Government shall be bound to reform the 

 Chinese Foreign Office and the court ceremonial 

 for the reception of the foreign representatives, 

 and to do so in the sense which shall be defined 

 by the foreign powers. 



The execution by the allies, in accordance with 

 a verdict of the international commission, of Ting- 

 Yung, acting Viceroy of Chih-li, and of other high 

 officials, while negotiations were pending, called 

 forth an indignant protest from the Chinese au- 

 thorities. Li-Hung-Chang remonstrated against 

 the punitive expeditions that were carried on more 

 extensively and relentlessly than ever. When he 

 asserted that the Chinese troops were dealing ef- 

 fectively with rebels, and reminded the ministers 

 that the sole avowed object of the powers in send- 

 ing troops to China was to relieve the legations, 

 his note was returned to him. The United States 

 Government, in a circular note, urged the powers 

 to agree upon terms that it would not be im- 



possible for China to fulfill. To demand the de- 

 capitation of the most highly placed and powerful 

 men in the country and the payment of an in- 

 demnity that would be beyond the power of China 

 to raise seemed likely to prolong indefinitely the 

 foreign occupation. After further correspondence 

 between the ministers and their government*, and 

 some delay due to the replacing of Sir Claude 

 MacDonald as British minister by Ernest Satow, 

 the ministers agreed, on Dec. 4, upon the text of a 

 joint note, which was subsequently amended in 

 accordance with the views of various govern tn- 

 communicated to their ministers, who were in- 

 structed to sign it, and on Dec. 22 did sign it, 

 in the final form given below: 



" During the months of May, June, July, and 

 August of the current year serious disturbance)* 

 broke out in the northern provinces of China, in 

 which atrocious crimes unparalleled in history and 

 outrages against the law of nations, against the 

 laws of humanity, and against civilization, were 

 committed under particularly odious circum- 

 stances. The principal of these crimes were the 

 following: 



" 1. On the 20th of June, his Excellency Baron 

 von Ketteler, while on his way to the 'fsung-li- 

 Yamen, in the performance of his official functions, 

 was murdered by soldiers of the regular army, 

 acting under orders of their chiefs. 



" 2. On the same day the foreign legations were 

 attacked and besieged. The attacks continued 

 without intermission until the 14th of August, on 

 which date the arrival of the foreign forces put an 

 end to them. These attacks were made by the 

 regular troops, who joined the Boxers, and who 

 obeyed the orders of the court emanating from 

 the imperial palace. At the same time the Chinese 

 Government officially declared, by its representa- 

 tives abroad, that it guaranteed the security of 

 the legations. 



"3. On the llth of June Mr. Sujyama, chan- 

 cellor of the legation of Japan, while in the dis- 

 charge of an official mission, was killed by regulars 

 at the gates of the city. In Pekin and in several 

 provinces foreigners were murdered, tortured, or 

 attacked by the Boxers and the regular troops, 

 and such as escaped death owed their salvation 

 solely to their own determined resistance. Their 

 establishments were looted and destroyed. 



" 4. Foreign cemeteries, at Pekin especially, wen- 

 desecrated, the graves opened and the remains 

 scattered abroad. 



" These occurrences necessarily led the foreign 

 powers to dispatch their troops to China to the 

 end of protecting the lives of their representative; 

 and nationals and restoring order. During they- 

 march to Pekin the allied forces met with r. 

 ance from the Chinese army and had to overcome 

 it by force. 



" Inasmuch as China has recognized her responsi- 

 bility, expressed regret, and evinced a desire to see 

 an end put to the situation created by the afore- 

 said disturbances, the powers have determined to 

 accede to her request upon the irrevocable con- 

 ditions enumerated below, which they deem in.iis 

 pensable to expiate the crimes committed and to 

 prevent their recurrence: 



" I. (a) The dispatch to Berlin of an extraordi 

 nary mission headed by an imj>erial prince, in order 

 to express the regrets of his Majesty the Emperor 

 of China and of 'the Chine-e Government for the 

 assassination of his Excellency, the late Baron von 

 Ketteler, minister of Germany, (ft) The erection 

 on the spot of the assassination of a commemora- 

 tive monument, befit ting the rank of the deceased, 

 bearing an inscription in the Latin, German, and 



