184 



DENMARK. 



improvement of state property and reduction of 

 debt, 1,802,731 kroner; civil list and appanages, 

 1,203,200 kroner; Ministry of Foreign AH'airs, 707,- 

 956 kroner: Rigsdag and Council of State, 319,016 

 kroner; Iceland. 7ti.r,ii} kroner. The reserve fund 

 which is kept in order to provide funds to meet 

 any sudden einergcncv amounted on March 31, 

 1899, to 17,890.!)2f> kroner. The amount of the 

 state debt on March 31. IS'.IS. was 208,193,351 

 kroner. The foreign debt, most of which pays 3 

 per cent, amounted in IS!)!) to 138,512,250 kroner. 

 The interest on public debts after deducting pro- 

 ductive in vest incuts is only a little over 2 kroner 

 per capita. The invested funds amount to 73,069,- 

 IL'.'I kroner, not including the railroads, valued at 

 J2vr,r.|.S20 kroner, nor the domains. 



The Army. All able-bodied Danes are liable 

 to serve in the army, the period of service being 

 eight years in the regular army and reserve and 

 eight years more in the extra reserve. Conscripts 

 receive -i\ months of training for the infantry, 

 eight for the cavalry, four for siege artillery, and 

 three for field artillery and engineers. A second 

 course of training for the less intelligent and dili- 

 gent recruits lasts eight months for the infantry, 

 eleven for the cavalry, and twelve for the artillery 

 and engineers. The peace strength of the regular 

 army in 1899 was 824 officers and 8,945 men. The 

 war strength was 1,448 officers and 60,138 men. 



The Navy. The Danish war fleet, intended 

 only for the defense of the coasts, contains 5 

 armor clads of various sixes and designs, from the 

 Tordenskjold, torpedo ship, of 2,530 tons, carry- 

 ing a 52-ton gun in an armored barbette, to the 

 Helgoland, of 5,370 tons, armed with a 36-ton, 

 4 22-ton, and quick-firing guns. The new Herluf 

 Trolle and an uncompleted sister ship carry a pair 

 of 26-ton guns and have 9 inches of side' armor. 

 Three old ironclads are kept in commission for 

 coast defense. There are 5 deck-protected cruisers 

 of various classes, 8 old gunboats, a torpedo 

 vessel, and 13 first-class and 12 second-class tor- 

 pedo boats. The navy is manned by 285 officers 

 and 1,337 sailors, gunners, miners, mechanicians, 

 and workmen. 



Commerce and Production. The production 

 of wheat in 1898 was 1,054,000 hectolitres; barley, 

 7,705,000; oats, 14,620,000; rye, 5,684,000; pota- 

 toes, 5,838,000; beet root, etc., 46,770,000. The 

 live stock in 1898 comprised 1.743,440 cattle, 449,- 

 '264 horses, 1,074,413 sheep, 31,803 goats, and 1,178,- 

 514 hogs. The export of horses in 1898 was 15,423 

 in number ; of cattle. 30,066 ; of sheep, 2,644. There 

 were 75 distilleries in Islis. and they produced 

 spirits containing 3,514,000 gallons of pure alco- 

 The production of taxed beer was 21,090,000 



hoi. 



gallons; of light beer, 30,070,000 gallons. The 

 beet sugar, produced in 7 factories, amounted to 

 35,080 tons. The value of fish caught in 1897 was 

 i;,li:>.l48 kroner. 



The total value of imports in 1898 was 462,219,- 

 000 kroner: of exports, 326,361,000 kroner. The 

 exports of domestic products were 238,525,000 

 kroner in value, in which sum 204,200.000 kroner 

 represent food substances, 25.400,000 kroner raw 

 materials, 0,500,000 kroner articles of personal and 

 household consumption, and 2.400,000 kroner seeds, 

 fodder, and fertilizers. The special imports were 

 .'!ii7.300,000 kroner in value, in which sum food 

 mbstancea came to 87,300,000 kroner, personal 

 and domestic art ides to 72,800,000 kroner, fuel to 

 27,900.000 kroner, fodder, manure, and seeds to 

 66,700,000 kroner, and raw products to 122,600,000 

 kroner. The imports of colonial products were 

 36,005,000 kroner in value; beverages, 7,269,000 

 kroner; textile manufactures. 55.21 I.IHMI kroner; 

 metals and metal manufactures, 38,107,000 



kroner; wood and wood manufactures, 27,619,000 

 kroner; coal, 30,197,000 kroner; animals, 2,445,000 

 kroner; pork, butter, eggs, and lard, 35,875,000 

 kroner; cereals, 69,281,000 kroner. The domestic 

 exports of colonial goods were 1,013,000 kroner; 

 beverages, 685,000 kroner; textiles, 630,000 

 kroner; metals and hardware, 2,309,000 kroner; 

 wood and wood manufactures, 632,000 kroner: 

 coal, 5,000 kroner; animals, 15,417,000 kroner-. 

 butter, eggs, lard, etc., 171,409,000 kroner; cereals. 

 9,394,000 kroner. In the general exports colonial 

 goods came to 13,198,000 kroner; beverages, 3,:}~r2.- 

 000 kroner; textiles, 6,585,000 kroner; metals and 

 hardware, 7,239,000 kroner; wood and manufac- 

 tures 1,575,000 kroner; coal, 2,947,000 kroner; ani- 

 mals, 15,437,000 kroner; butter, eggs, and pork 

 products, 194,115,000 kroner; cereals, 17,3.11,000 

 kroner. The general commerce with different 

 countries in 1898 was in kroner as follows: 



Navigation. The number of vessels in the for- 

 eign trade entered at Danish ports during 1898 was 

 32,166, with 2,884,441 tons of cargo; cleared, 32,- 

 716, with 725,657 tons of cargo. The number of 

 coasting vessels entered was 36,298; cleared, 36,- 

 932. The merchant navy on Jan. 1, 1899, consisted 

 of 3,774 vessels, of 394,685 tons, counting all of 

 or above 4 tons, and of the total number 510. of 

 225,422 tons, were steamers. 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. The rail- 

 roads in 1898 had a total length of 1,568 miles, of 

 which 1,108 miles belonged to the state. 



The postal traffic for 1898 was 84,877,838 letters 

 and post cards, and 79,613,655 newspapers, sam- 

 ples, etc. 



The length of telegraphs in the Government 

 network in 1898 was 3,029 miles, with 8,733 miles 

 of wire. There were dispatched during that year 

 2,106,376 messages, of which 573,656 were internal 

 and 1,379,444 foreign private messages, and ].">:>. 

 276 were meteorological and official messages. 

 The telephone lines had a length of 596 miles, with 

 1,476^ miles of double wire. 



Ch'ange of Ministry. The Horring minis! i \ 

 took office in May, 1897, in the face of a strong 

 adverse majority in the popular chamber, whore 2.~> 

 Moderate Liberals, 55 Radicals, and 9 Socialists 

 were united in the Opposition, and only 24 Con 

 servatives supported the Government. The min- 

 istry was appointed to carry on the old con 

 flict which hinges on the (piestion whether tin- 

 King shall choose his advisers or whether the 

 ministers shall represent the popular majority. 

 The retention of the minority party in power pro 

 voked the conflict which caused a stoppage in 

 normal constitutional government, so that from 

 ISS.1 to I Si) | DO budget was voted in Denmark. 

 and the Government promulgated provisional 

 finance laws by royal decree. Havon IJeedtx. Thott. 

 Horring's predecessor, endeavored to win the Oppo- 

 sition in the Folkething by concessions, and in 

 this policy went further than the Conservative^ c.t 

 the Landsthing approved, and so fell between two 

 stools. The Horring ministry was a continuation of 

 the former one, in which Horring held the post of 

 Minister of the Interior, and it therefore encoun- 





