186 



EAST AFRICA. 



in the Sunday schools and 515 in the day schools, 

 and more than $35,000 had been sent by and 

 through the society for the relief of sufferers by 

 famine: .Japan, where 95 converts, 700 members, 

 7:5S children in Sunday schools and 138 in day 

 schools were returned: China, where 183 members 

 had been added, making the present membership 

 f.<;.~>. and the missions had escaped damage from 

 the disturbances; Turkey, where the converts num- 

 hcied t;.~> and the present membership was 529; 

 Kn-land. \\liere the prevalence of . the war spirit 

 had prevented advance, and a small loss was re- 

 turned: and Scandinavia, where 81 converts and 

 a present membership of 1.209 were returned, but 

 emigration had helped to thin the ranks. A new 

 minion had been begun in the Sandwich Islands. 

 Missionaries had been laboring during the year at 

 Bolengi, on the Congo river, where friendly rela- 

 tions were maintained with the Baptist missions. 

 A mission had been opened in Havana, Cuba, in 

 December, 1899, where 11 persons had been bap- 

 ti/cd and the Sunday school had an attendance of 

 from 20 to 45. The report of the Board of Church 

 E\ i elision began with a reference to the fact that 

 the last three national conventions had recom- 

 mended efforts to make the fund for that work 



$250,000 by the close of the year 1900. The fund 

 had now actually reached $252,129, more than 

 realizing the hope implied in the recommendation. 

 The new receipts of the year, including interest, 

 had been $57,119, exceeding those of the previous 

 year by $9,454; further, $23,997 had been collected 

 on loans, making the total receipts of the board 

 for the year $81,116, and showing a gain of $16,839. 

 Sixty loans, aggregating $50,925, had been closed 

 during the year, and 56 loans, aggregating $47,900, 

 granted but not closed. From the beginning of the 

 fund 505 churches had been aided, and 166 churches 

 had returned their loans in full, and 339 loans were 

 still outstanding. The annuity fund had received 

 $18,050 during the year, and amounted now to 

 $36,251. Bequests amounting to $6,621 had been 

 received. Two new-named loan funds had been 

 founded, making the whole number of such funds 

 (of $5,000 each) 9. 



The Conference of the Churches of Christ in 

 Great Britain and Ireland met at Mount Pleasant, 

 Liverpool, July 31. Mr. David Drummond, of Glas- 

 gow, presided. One hundred and seventy-three 

 churches, having 12,000 members, were repre- 

 sented. Reports were made on missions and Sun- 

 day schools. 



E 



EAST AFRICA. The strip of coast over which 

 the Sultan of Zanzibar formerly exercised sover- 

 eign rights was leased by him to Germany, Great 

 Britain, and Italy, and by agreements made by 

 these three powers among themselves the whole 

 Hinterland has been divided between them. Ger- 

 man East Africa, embracing about 380,000 square 

 miles with a population officially estimated at over 

 6,000,000, is divided from the Portuguese colony 

 of Mozambique on the south by the river Rovuma, 

 from British Central Africa on the southwest by 

 I^ake Nyasa and a line from the northern end of 

 this lake to the southern end of Lake Tanganyika, 

 from the Independent State of the Congo on the 

 west by Lake Tanganyika and a conventional line 

 drawn from its northern end, and from British 

 East Africa on the north by a conventional bound- 

 ary starting from the extremity of that line in 1 

 of south longitude, running due east to Victoria 

 Nyanza, and from its eastern shore running south- 

 eastward to the Umbe river and the sea, with a 

 deflection that leaves Kilimanjaro in German terri- 

 tory. The British protectorate of East Africa ex- 

 tends northward from this boundary to the line 

 agreed with Italy in 1891, which is 6 of north 



square miles and 210,000 inhabitants. The north- 

 ern limit separating the British from what was 

 recognized as the Italian sphere is no longer re- 

 spected since Italy resigned to Abyssinia her claim 

 to Gallaland and other countries of the interior, 

 and the boundaries separating both the British 

 sphere and the Egyptian Soudan from Abyssinia 

 are indefinite. The Italian sphere in East Africa 

 is now restricted to the Goneali coast from Cape 

 Guardafui southward to the Juba river, which 

 has an area of about 100,000 square miles and 

 a population estimated at 400,000. British Somali- 

 land extends westward from the Italian sphere 

 along the shore of the Gulf of Aden, and is 68,000 

 square miles in extent. At the head of the gulf, 

 between British Somaliland and the Italian colony 

 of Erithrea, bounded on the west by Abyssinia 

 proper, is French Somaliland. Beyond the bounds 

 of the Italian sphere, which has a breadth of about 

 150 miles, according to the treaty of peace made 

 between Italy' and Abyssinia in 1896, the British 

 have endeavored to extend their East Africa pro- 

 tectorate northward by successive expeditions into 

 the countries over which the Negus of Al>\ssinia 

 holds an uncertain and precarious dominion, and 



latitude from 35 of east longitude eastward to the Negus, aided unofficially by the French and 

 the Juba river, and the course of that river down the Russians, has sent counter-expeditions 1 

 to the Indian Ocean, the boundary on the west tablish his rule southward as far as the shores of 

 being the agreed boundary of the Congo State, Lake Rudolf and westward toward the hanks of 

 which is the water parting between the Congo and the Nile, laying claim to wide regions that in 1 la- 

 the Nile. To the northwest of the protectorate Anglo-Italian agreement were recognized as lying 

 the basin of the Nile as far north as 10 of north within the British and the Egyptian spheres. Brit- 

 Latitude, formerly Bubjed to Egypt, is claimed as ish military explorers have" made treaties with 

 a British sphere of influence, and the Egyptian native chiefs west of Uganda as far as the shores 

 Soudan farther north is under an Anglo-Egyptian of Albert Nyanza. and with Somali and other 

 condominium. British East Africa includes the tribes northeast of Uganda, and have sought corn- 



territory acquired from the Sultan of Zanzibar and 

 its back country as far as the Victoria \\anza, 

 the country formerly administered by the British 

 East Africa Companv, having an estimated area 

 of 270,000 square miles, with 5,000,000 inhabitants, 

 an^ the native kingdom of I'ganda. the conquest 

 of which exhausted the resources of that company, 

 having an area of about f>s.<KM) square miles and 



Ugandf 



inercial access to the Galla country. The total 

 extent of the British sphere is asserted to be over 

 1,000.000 square miles. 



Zanzibar. The Seyyid, or Sultan, Hainud bin 

 Mohammed bin Said, born in 1858, is still the 

 nominal ruler of Zanzibar, though not only t In- 

 political control but the civil administration has 

 passed to the British agent and consul general. 



1,000,000 inhabitants; a No the islands forming the Sir Arthur II. llardinge at present, whose sanction 

 sultanate of Zanzibar, which have an area of 988 is necessary for any new law or decree and for 



II 



