200 



EXPOSITION, PARIS UNIVERSAL. 



exposition which was illustrative of the history of 

 French art. Connecting the Avenue Nicholas 11 

 with the Esplanade des Invalides was the Pont Al- 

 exandre III, which is likewise to remain as a per- 

 manent memorial of the exposition. The foundation 

 stone of this bridge was laid in October, 1896, by the 

 Czar Nicholas II and President Faure, who named 

 it in honor of Alexander III, father of the present 

 Czar, to whose efforts, it is said, the alliance of 



west, along the river, were the following special 

 buildings: Italy, Turkey, United States, Austria, 

 Portugal, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Peru, Hungary, 

 Persia, Great Britain, Belgium, Luxembourg, Nor- 

 way. Finland, Germany, Bulgaria, Spain, Monaco, 

 Roumania, Sweden, Greece, and Servia. Beyond 

 the Street of Nations were the buildings devoted to 

 the military exhibits and the naval exhibits. Along 

 the Esplanade of the Champ-de-Mars were the 



ALEXANDER III BRIDGE. 



friendship between the two nations is mainly due. 

 The total length of the bridge is 257 feet, and the 

 width 130 feet. The roadway occupies a space 70 

 feet in width, and the sidewalk on either side is 

 30 feet wide. At both entrances are two pylons 

 in white marble, each 70 feet high, surmounted by 

 gilt-bronze statuary representing Pegasus with 

 Fame about to take her flight. At the lower part 

 of the pylons are four fine pieces of statuary repre- 

 senting France at various epochs. Two groups of 

 massive lions guard the approach to the bridge. 

 Broad flights of stone steps lead from the lower 

 quays to the floor of the bridge at each abutment, 

 and at the top of these steps are groups of statuary 

 representing the Children of the Vases. The cost 

 of the bridge was estimated at $400.000, and it is 

 said to be the finest of its type in existence. Ex- 

 lending along the Cours-la-Reine were the pavilion 

 of the city of Paris, which contained the special 

 exhibits of the Paris municipality, the two build- 

 ings devoted to the horticultural exhibit, and the 

 building in which the congresses were held. Still 

 farther along the river was Old Paris, an archa?- 

 ological restoration of mediaeval, seventeenth and 

 eighteenth century quarters of the city, with inns 

 and restaurants along the river side. On the Es- 

 planade des Invalides were the buildings devoted 

 to foreign industries and decorative arts. To the 



special structures occupied by Mining and Metal- 

 lurgy, Textile Industries, Mechanical Appliances, 

 Chemistry, Electricity, Agriculture and Food,. 

 Chemical Industries, Engineering and Means of 

 Transport, Education, and Science and Art. These 

 buildings were white, varied with colored orna- 

 mentation of yellow, terra cotta, and blue, while 

 there were many imposing stained-glass windows. 

 a great deal of gilding, and everywhere floral sculp- 

 ture. On both sides were terraces, arches, and 

 arcades, while on the left, looking from the Eiffel 

 Tower, was a continuous line of restaurants. In 

 the immediate vicinity of the Eiffel Tower were 

 the buildings of Costume, Panorama, Great Tele- 

 scope, Celestial Globe, and similar features, while 

 on the banks of the Seine were the buildings de- 

 voted to the Mercantile Marine, Forestry, Hunt 

 ing, and Fishing. The Trocadero on the north 

 hank of the Seine was devoted to French and 

 foreign colonies, including the buildings erected 

 by the United States for the exhibits of Porto 

 Rico, the Philippines, the Hawaiian Islands, and 

 Alaska, as well as Cuba. 



Classification. The systematic grouping of the 

 objects to be exhibited was arranged along educa- 

 tional lines into 18 groups, with subdivisions into 

 121 classes. These were as follows: 



Group I, Education and Instruction Class l f 



