250 



GERMANY. 



ment giving pensions to the widows of Confed- 

 erate soldiers was carried by a small majority. 

 In many places no vote concerning it was cast. 



At the presidential election, in November, the 

 State gave 46,665 plurality for William J. Bryan. 

 The vote was the lightest ever cast in Georgia. 

 There was no opposition to the Democratic candi- 

 dates for Congress. 



GERMANY, an empire in central Europe, com- 

 posed of the federated German states. The King 

 of Prussia is German Emperor, and in this capacity 

 has supreme charge of political and military af- 

 fairs, with power to make war and declare peace, 

 except that for an offensive war he must have 

 the consent of the federated states and princes. 

 There are two legislative bodies with concurrent 

 powers the Bundesrath, representing the confed- 

 erated states^ and the Reichstag, representing the 

 German people. The acts upon which they agree 

 become law on receiving the Emperor's assent and 

 being countersigned by the Chancellor of the Em- 



Eire. The Bundesrath has 58 members, appointed 

 y the governments of the federated states. The 

 Reichstag has 397 members, 1 to 124,500 of popu- 

 lation, elected by universal manhood suffrage and 

 by secret ballot for the term of five years. Alsace- 

 Lorraine, the imperial province, is represented by 

 4 commissioners, who sit in the Reichstag without 

 having votes. Out of 10,628,992 registered electors 

 7.702,265 voted in the election of 1893. The Em- 

 peror has power to dissolve the Reichstag with the 

 consent of the Bundesrath, in which event elec- 

 tions must take place within sixty days and the 

 Reichstag be convoked within ninety days. - The 

 imperial ministers act independently of each other 

 under the supervision of the Chancellor. The 

 Chancellor of the Empire at the beginning of 1900 

 was Prince Hohenlohe-Schillingsfiirst, appointed 

 Oct. 29, 1894. The following ministers had charge 

 of the several departments of state: Minister of 

 Foreign Affairs, Graf von Billow; Minister of the 

 Interior and Representative of the Chancellor in 

 the Reichstag, Graf von Posadowsky-Wehner ; 

 Head of the Admiralty and Admiral Commanding 

 in Chief, Rear- Admiral Tirpitz; Minister of Justice, 

 A. Nieberding; Imperial Treasurer, Freiherr von 

 Thielmann. The heads of the various imperial 

 bureaus were : Post Office, Lieut.-Gen. D. von Pod- 

 bielsky; Imperial Railroads, Dr. Schultz; Imperial 

 Exchequer, Herr Magdeburg; Imperial Invalid 

 Fund, Dr. Rosing; Imperial Bank, Dr. Koch; Im- 

 perial Debt Commission, Herr von Hoffmann. 



Area and Population. The total area of the 

 German Empire is 208,830 square miles. The popu- 

 lation on Dec. 2, 1895, was 52,279,901, having in- 

 creased at an average annual rate of 1.12 per cent, 

 since 1890. The number of households was 11,- 

 256,150. The number cf marriages in 1897 was 

 447,770; of births, 1,991,126; of deaths, 1,206,492; 

 excess of births, 784,634. The number of emigrants 

 in 1898 was 21,899, of whom 17,272 were destined 

 for the United States, 785 for Brazil, 1,302 for 

 other parts of America, 1,092 for Africa, 223 for 

 Asia, and 163 for Australia. The destination of 

 1,062 who sailed from French ports was not re- 

 ported. The emigrants who sailed from German 

 ports and from Antwerp, Rotterdam, and Am- 

 sterdam, consisted of 11,667 males and 9.170 fe- 

 males. There were 2,283 families, comprising 7,277 

 persons. The total number of emigrants from 

 Germany since 1870 was 2,451,312, of whom nearly 

 90 per cent, went to the United States. Of the 

 emigrants of 1898 Prussia furnished 12.161, Bavaria 

 2,124, Wnrtemberg 1,151, Saxony 1.128, Hamburg 

 1,479, Baden 713, Hesse 316, Bremen 427, Olden- 

 burg 205, Mecklenburg-Schwerin 153, and Alsace- 

 Lorraine 135. The number of emigrants from 



countries outside of Germany who embarked at 

 German ports in 1898 was 83,805. 



Education is compulsory throughout Germany, 

 and every commune is compelled to support one 

 or more elementary schools. In the towns are 

 commercial schools for the business class, and for 

 the working classes continuation and night schools. 

 The number of Gymnasia, w r hich fit students to 

 enter the universities by a course of nine years 

 in the classics and other studies, was 439 in 1897 ; 

 the number of Progymnasia, which have not the 

 higher grades of the Gymnasia, was 92 ; the num- 

 ber of Realgymnasia, in which modern subjects 

 replace Greek, was 128; Realprogymnasia, 93; 

 Oberrealschulen, in which modern languages are 

 taught instead of Latin and Greek, 40; Real- 

 schulen, 198; commercial colleges, 2; other public 

 secondary schools, 32 ; private schools, 56 ; teachers' 

 seminaries, 181; special schools, 32; polytechnics, 

 9; agricultural schools, 31; schools of mining, 15; 

 schools of architecture and building, 15 ; academies 

 of forestry, 9 ; schools of art and art industry, 23 : 

 schools of navigation, 47; schools of music, 7. 

 There are 21 universities, namely, Berlin, with 

 418 professors and teachers and 4,997 students in 

 1899; Munich, with 194 professors and teachers 

 and 4,257 students; Leipsic, with 220 professors 

 and teachers and 3,270 students; Bonn, with 152 

 professors and teachers and 2,140 students; Frei- 

 burg, with 119 professors and teachers and 1.670 

 students; Breslau, with 169 professors and teachers 

 and 1,621 students; Halle, with 148 professors and 

 teachers and 1,613 students; Tubingen, with 104 

 professors and teachers and 1,525 students; Heidel- 

 berg, with 149 professors and teachers and 1,462 

 students; Gottingen, with 131 professors and 

 teachers and 1,307 students; Marburg, with f>3 

 professors and teachers and 1,222 students; Wiirz- 

 burg, with 88 professors and teachers and 1,214 

 students; Strasburg, with 129 professors and teach- 

 ers and 1,079 students; Erlangen, with 69 pro- 

 fessors and teachers and 1,042 students; Kiel, with 

 100 professors and teachers and 901 students; 

 Greifswald, with 95 professors and teachers and 

 834 students; Giessen, with 82 professors and 

 teachers and 814 students; Konigsberg, with 119 

 professors and teachers and 794 students; Jena, 

 with 97 professors and teachers and 732 students; 

 Miinster, with 48 professors and teachers and 594 

 students; Rostock, with 55 professors and teachers 

 and 475 students. There is a naval academy and 

 school at Kiel, and at Berlin and Munich are 

 military academies, and there are 9 cadet schools 

 and 9 military schools. 



Finances. The revenue of the Imperial Gov- 

 ernment for 1901 was estimated at 1,783,042,000 

 marks from ordinary and 275,291,000 marks from 

 extraordinary sources; total, 2,058,334,000 marks. 

 The total estimated expenditure was 1,979,135,000 

 marks. The revenue from customs and excise 

 duties in 1900 was estimated at 742,261,000 marks; 

 from stamps, 61,648,000 marks; from posts and 

 telegraphs, 47,065,300 marks; interest of the In- 

 valid fund, 27.938,500 marks; revenue from rail- 

 roads, 26,583,600 marks; from the Imperial Bank, 

 9,789,600 marks; from the printing office, 1.S7.S.900 

 marks; various receipts, 1,013,300 marks; federal 

 contributions, 489,953,800 marks; other contribu- 

 tions, 14.696,900 marks; extraordinary receipts. 

 88.388.600 marks; total estimated revenue. l..V_>(i. 

 188.000 marks. The estimated expenditures fur 

 1900, including supplementary estimates, amount- 

 ed to 1,551,709,400 marks, of which 1.300.309.SOO 

 marks were ordinary recurring expenditures and 

 251.399,600 marks nonrecurring and extraordinary 

 expenditures. Of the recurring expenditures 519.- 

 824,500 marks were for the army, 481,908,400 



