274 



GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



5 6-inch and 4 4.7-inch quick firers, besides smaller 

 ones, and with 9,600 horse power can steam 19 

 knots. The Furious, Gladiator, Vindictive, and 

 Arrogant, of 5,750 tons, carry 4 6-inch, 6 4.7-inch, 

 9 9-pounder, and 8 small quick-firing guns, and 

 have engines of 10,000 horse power giving the same 

 speed. The Hermes, Hyacinth, and Highflier, of 

 5.000 tons, are armed with 11 6-inch and 15 small 

 quick firers, and can make 19i knots with engines 

 of 9,600 horse power. The Diadem, launched in 

 1896 and followed by the Andromeda, Niobe, Eu- 

 ropa, Spartiate, Argonaut, Amphitrite, and Ari- 

 adne, is the latest development of the protected 

 cruiser, displacing 11,000 tons, carrying 16 6-inch 

 quick firers, 14 12-pounders, and 20 small ones, 

 and steaming 20 knots, with Belleville engines 

 of 16,500 horse power. All these later vessels have 

 a 4-inch curved steel deck covering their vital 

 parts. Their strong armament is well protected, 

 their freeboard is high, the bow and stern guns 

 are placed well above water, and the numerous 

 water-tight compartments make it impossible to 

 sink them. The armored cruisers of the new pro- 

 gramme of 1897 were the Cressy, Hogue, Aboukir, 

 Sutlej, Euryalus, and Bacchante, of 12,000 tons, 

 carrying 2 9.2-inch, 12 6-inch quick-firing, and 

 14 12-pounder quick-firing guns, and having en- 

 gines of 21,000 horse power capable of making 21 

 knots with natural draught, their length being 

 440 feet, beam 69i feet, and draught of water 

 26 feet 3 inches. Their armor-piercing guns of a 

 new type have extraordinary range and penetrat- 

 ing power. The supplementary programme of 

 1898 called for 4 armored cruisers of 9,800 tons 

 Hie Kent, Monmouth, Bedford, and Essex carry- 

 ing 14 6-inch quick firers and a large number of 

 small ones, and having engines of 22,000 horse 

 power, capable of making 21 knots with natural 

 draught. The latest type of the armored cruiser 

 is represented by the Drake, King Alfred, Levia- 

 than, and Good Hope, of 14,100 tons, armed with 

 9.2-inch bow and stern chasers of the new kind 

 and 16 6-inch and 14 12-pounder quick firers, and 

 fitted with engines of 30,000 horse power to pro- 

 duce a speed of 23 knots without forced draught. 

 Of the latest destroyers 3 have made 32 or 33 knots 

 with the newest water-tube boilers and the steam 

 turbine wheel has been tried with 1 in order to 

 attain a higher speed. 



The navy estimates for 1901 amounted to 27,- 

 522.600, an increase of 928,100 over those of the 

 preceding year, the growth in five years having 

 lici-n nearly 50 per cent. They do not include 

 2,000,000 expended under the naval works act. 

 Subsequently a supplementary estimate of 1,269,- 

 300 increased the expenditure for the year to 

 28,791,000. The supplementary estimate was to 

 provide additional reserves of guns, gun mount- 

 ings, ammunition, and torpedoes, to replace old 

 machine guns with Maxims, to purchase 5 destroy- 

 er*, to build a repairing ship. 



Commerce and Production. The area sown 

 to grain in Great Britain in 1899 was 7,406,887 

 a ii(l in Ireland 1,371,719 acres, to green crops in 

 Croat Britain 3,149,103 and in Ireland 1.101.991 

 Hi-res, to flax in Great Britain 47<> and in Ireland 

 :'. t.9S6 acres, to hops in Great Britain 51,843 acres, 

 small fruits in Great Britain 71,526 acres, clover 

 and hay in Great Britain 4,807,951 and in Ireland 

 1.251,262 acres, bare fallow in Great Britain 338.574 

 and in Ireland 13,018 acres, pasture in Groat Brit- 

 ain 16,630,747 and in Ireland 11.442.318 acres. 

 There were in Great Britain 2.000,981 acres in 

 wheat, 1,982,108 in barley. 2.959.755 in oats, 249,056 

 in beans, 162.751 in peas, 547,682 in potatoes, and 

 1.740.993 in turnips. In Ireland 51.S59 acres were 

 in wheat, 169,660 in barley, 1,135,675 in oats, 



1,988 in beans, 426 in peas, 662,898 in potatoes, 

 and 301,455 in turnips. The crops of grain ob- 

 tained in Great Britain were 65,529,000 bushels 

 of wheat, 67,716,000 of barley, and 114,747,000 of 

 oats. In 1888 there were harvested in Great 

 Britain 73,029,000 bushels of wheat, 68,052.000 of 

 barley, 118,921,000 of oats, 7,200,000 of beans, 

 4,849',000 of peas, 3,283,000 tons of potatoes, and 

 21,337,000 tons of turnips; in Ireland, 1,856,000 

 bushels of wheat, 6,679,000 of barley, 53,657,000 

 of oats, 67,000 of beans, 9,000 of peas, 2,942,000 

 tons of potatoes, and 5,163,000 tons of turnips. 

 The yield of wheat was 34.74 bushels an acre in 

 Great Britain and 35.16 bushels in Ireland; of 

 barley, 35.75 bushels in Great Britain and 42.23 

 bushels in Ireland; of oats, 40.76 bushels in Great 

 Britain and 46.04 bushels in Ireland. In 1899 

 only 32.75 bushels of wheat were obtained in Great 

 Britain. The live stock of Great Britain in 1899 

 consisted of 1,516,630 horses, 6,795,720 cattle, 

 27,238,754 sheep, and 2,623.813 pigs; in Ireland 

 there were 501,982 horses, 4,507,272 cattle, 4,364,076 

 sheep, and 1,363,311 pigs. 



Of 56,401,544 acres, the total area of Great 

 Britain, 12,181,909 acres were under farm crops 

 in 1900, and of the rest 4,373,000 acres were per- 

 manent meadow and 12,355,936 acres permanent 

 pasture land, so that 28,910,944 acres, little over 

 half the area of the island, were utilized to provide 

 food for the population. The acreage under wheat 

 declined to 1,845,042 acres; that under barley in- 

 creased to 1,990,265 acres; that under oats to 

 3,026,088 acres; that under potatoes to 561,361 

 acres. Clover and rotation grasses occupied 

 2,557,377 acres. The number of cattle in 1900 was 

 6,805,170; of sheep, 26,592,226; of pigs, 2,381,932. 



The quantity of fish landed on the coasts of the 

 British Islands during 1899 was 739,315 tons, 

 valued at 8,864,970, besides 1,520,632 worth 

 of shellfish. The quantity of fish conveyed In 

 railroad in 1898 was 486,784 tons. The import! 

 of fish were 129,369 tons, valued at 2,931.70-1. 

 The value of 2,586.752 was exported, including 

 herrings worth 1,896,540. The quantity of iron 

 ore raised in 1898 was 14,176,938 tons, valued at 

 3,406,628, containing 4,8.!0,508 tons of iron, worth 

 12,740,043; the quantity of iron pyrites was 

 12,108 tons, worth 4,804; the quantity of lead 

 ore was 32,985 tons, valued at 267,402, contain- 

 ing 25,355 tons of metal, of the value of 332,995; 

 the quantity of copper ore was 9,001 tons, valued 

 at 25,849, containing 640 tons of copper, of the 

 value of 35*523; the quantity of copper pro 

 cipitate was 130 tons, value 1,300; the quantity 

 of zinc ore was 23,552 tons, valued at 117,784, 

 containing 8,574 tons of zinc, valued at 179,482; 

 the quantity of bog iron ore was 5,418 tons, value. 

 1,354; the quantity of aluminum clay and shah- 

 was 26,019 tons, worth 4,600, containing 310 ton* 

 of metal, worth 45,880; the quantity of sodium 

 obtained was 85 tons, worth 12,750; the quan- 

 tity of silver extracted was 211,403 ounces, worth 

 23,728; the quantity of gold ore was 703 ton>. 

 valued at 1.158, containing 395 ounces or 1.20!) 

 worth of gold: total .value of ores, 4.1 19.20-1 : 

 of metals, 13.717,512. The production of coal 

 was 202,054,516 tons, worth 64,169,382; of clays, 

 14.73S.474 tons, worth 1.616,358; of sandstone. 

 5,242,115 tons, worth 1,632,786; of slato. OOS.S59 

 tons, worth 1,900.228; of limestone, 11.9S0.578 

 tons, worth 1.256,154; of salt, 1,878,665 tons, 

 worth 620.115; of oil shale, 2,137,993 tons, worth 

 534.49S : of granite. 1.875.817 tons, worth 576.- 

 457: of basalt. 2.002.491 tons, worth 465.5 1.",: 

 of chalk. 4.298.014 tons, worth 180,651 : of gravel 

 and sand. 1.625.690 tons, worth 135.538: of gyp- 

 sum, 196,028 tons, worth 71.310; of arsenic and 



