GREECE. 



cattle, horses, and dogs, won the approval of the 

 serious-minded, and still more the fidelity with 

 which the prince discharged his dull and trying 

 public duties, his interest in charities and bene- 

 iiciul enterprises, the businesslike system that en- 

 abled him to go through the schedule of his public 

 appearances and to carry on his extensive cor- 

 respondence, his more sober and earnest life dur- 

 ing the past ten years, and the lively interest that 

 he took in the public affairs and international rela- 

 tions of England, coupled with a conscientious and. 

 studious avoidance of all interference, of even the 

 slightest exertion of personal influence or betrayal 

 of his private predilections or prejudices in politi- 

 cal matters. He learned German as well as Eng- 

 lish while a boy, and to converse also in French, 

 Italian, and Russian. 



His eldest child, Prince Albert Victor Christian 

 Edward, Duke of Clarence, born at Frogmore on 

 Jan. 8, 1864, died at Sandringham on Jan. 14, 

 1892. Prince George, Duke of York, succeeds 

 through his father's accession to the throne to the 

 title of Duke of Cornwall ; that of Prince of Wales 

 must be conferred on him by Parliament. The 

 younger children are Princess Louise Victoria 

 Alexandra Dagmar, born at Marlborough House 

 Feb. 20, 1867, and married to the Duke of Fife 

 July 27, 1889; Princess Victoria Alexandra Olga 

 Mary, born July 6, 1868; Princess Maud Charlotte 

 Mary Victoria, born Nov. 26, 1869, and married 

 July 22, 1896, to Prince Charles of Denmark. 

 Prince Alexander, a son born April 6, 1871, died 

 the next day. 



GREECE, a monarchy in southeastern Europe. 

 The legislative authority is vested in a single 

 Chamber called the Boule, composed of 207 mem- 



?rs elected for four years by universal adult male 

 suffrage. The reigning King is Georgios I, born 

 )ec. 24, 1845, second son of King Christian of 



jnmark, elected King of the Hellenes on March 

 18, 1868, after the deposition of King Otto, with 

 I he assent of the protecting powers England, 

 7 rance, and Russia, under whose auspices the 

 Hellenic kingdom was originally established in 

 1830 after the overthrow of Turkish rule. The 

 heir apparent is Prince Konstantinos, Duke of 

 Sparta, born Aug. 2, 1868. The Cabinet, formed 

 on April 14, 1899, was composed as follows: Presi- 

 dent of the Council and Minister of the Interior, M. 

 Theotokis; Minister of Finance, M. Simopoulos; 

 Minister of Foreign Affairs, M. Romanes; Min- 

 ister of Worship and Instruction, M. Eutaxias; 

 Minister of War, Col. Koumondouros ; Minister 

 if Marine, Capt. Bourdouris; Minister of Justice, 

 \L Karapoulos. 



Area and Population. The area of the Hel- 

 lenic kingdom is 25.014 square miles. Tho popu- 

 lation in 1896 was 2,433,806, being 97.3 per square 

 nile. Athens, the capital, had 111,486 inhabitants. 

 I'll ere are about 100,000 Albanians in Greece who 

 have preserved their distinct nationality, while in 

 the Turkish Empire there are over 6,000,000 per- 

 sons who are Greek in language and religion, and 

 the Greek strain is apparent in a considerable 

 part of the Mohammedan population in Asia Minor 

 j especially and on the islands. 



Finances. The revenue for 1899 was estimated 

 at 107,085,658 drachmai, of which direct taxes pro- 

 duce 20,077,800 drachmai; duties and excise, 38,- 

 395,000 drachmai ; stamps and fees, 19,209,900 

 drachmai; monopolies, 11,940,500 drachmai; state 

 property, 4,217,065 drachmai; sales of state 

 property, 832,400 drachmai; deductions, etc., 

 1.554,560 drachmai; various receipts, 7,969,258 

 drachmai; international telegraphs, 472,000 drach- 

 mai : lighthouses, 400.000 drachmai ; instruction, 

 42.000 drachmai; police contributions of com- 



munes, 442,000 drachmai; extraordinary receipts, 

 1,473,175 drachmai. The expenditure was esti- 

 mated at 103,418,273 drachmai, of which the public- 

 debt consumed 29,014,277 drachmai; allowances, 

 116,300 drachmai; various obligations, 200,000 

 drachmai; pensions, 6,093,603 drachmai; the civil 

 list, 1,325,000 drachmai; the Chamber of Deputies, 

 919,220 drachmai; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 

 2,198,373 drachmai; the Ministry of Justice, 

 5,758,200 drachmai; the Ministry of the Interior, 

 13,077,505 drachmai; the Ministry of Worship, 

 5,431,630 drachmai; the Ministry of War, 18,- 

 008,340 drachmai; the Ministry of Marine, 7,608,739 

 drachmai; the Ministry of Finance, 2,018,688 

 drachmai; collection of taxes, 9,041,858 draehmai; 

 various expenditures, 2,606,630 drachmai. For 

 1900 the revised estimate of revenue was 111,- 

 315,528 drachmai, and of expenditure 110,240,731 

 drachmai. For 1901 the estimate is 114,000,000 

 drachmai of revenue and 111,000,000 drachmai of 

 expenditure. 



The public debt, payable in gold, on Jan. 1, 

 1900, amounted to 699,617,000 drachmai in gold, 

 requiring an annual expenditure for interest and 

 amortization of 14,657,535 drachmai. There was, 

 moreover, a paper debt of 173,690,760 drachmai, 

 requiring 5,083,500 drachmai a year. 



The International Committee of Control during 

 the year ending Jan. 12, 1900, received 10,685,108 

 drachmai in gold and 55,174,450 drachmai in paper, 

 and expended 9,981,103 drachmai in gold and 

 50,212,090 drachmai in paper. 



The revenues appropriated for the service of the 

 public debt yielded 3,533,755 drachmai over the 

 estimate, of which 60 per cent., after deducting 

 18 per cent, for the expense of control, was avail- 

 able, as also the profit on the rate of exchange, 

 for the service of the debt, one half to increase 

 the interest and one half to augment the amortiza- 

 tion. The amount of this surplus was 1,712,078 

 drachmai, allowing an increase of 2 per cent, on 

 the interest of one class of bonds and 4 per cent, 

 on others. The revenues assigned to the com- 

 mission are those from the salt, petroleum, emery, 

 and other monopolies, the tobacco duty, the stamp 

 duty, and the import dues of the port of Piraeus. 

 The customs revenue in 1898 amounted to 34,- 

 437,374 drachmai, salt revenue to 2,467,926 drach- 

 mai, petroleum revenue to 5,115,165 drachmai. 

 The administration of the monopolies is intrusted 

 to a company. Smuggling of petroleum and salt 

 and frauds in the collection of the tobacco, cus- 

 toms, and stamp duties deprive the commission 

 of a part of the assigned revenues. The rates 

 of interest paid in 1899 were 47 per cent, of the 

 original interest on the monopoly loan and 40 per 

 cent, of that of the funding loan and the other 

 loans. Germany, Austria, France, Great Britain, 

 Italy, and Russia, the mediating powers between 

 Greece and Turkey, have representatives in the 

 commission. Of the new loan of 170,000,000 drach- 

 mai guaranteed by the powers, 93,930,000 drachmai 

 were paid to Turkey as a war indemnity, 31,350,000 

 drachmai were applied to paying off the floating 

 gold debts, 2,440,000 drachmai were used to settle 

 other debts, 21,960,000 drachmai were given to 

 the Government to cover the deficit of 1897, and 

 20,000,000 drachmai were available to meet the 

 deficits of other years. 



The Army and Navy. Every Hellene is liable 

 to serve in the army for two years from the age 

 of twenty-one. Whoever is not drawn for active 

 service is inscribed in the reserve and pays a tax. 

 The army in 1898 numbered 1,880 officers and 

 23,453 noncommissioned officers and privates; to- 

 tal, 25,333 men, with 3,294 horses and 180 guns. 

 The war strength is about 82,000 of all ranks. 



