300 



INDIA. 



229 acres under cotton, 1,366,513 acres under in- 

 digo, 465,593 acres under tea, 1,048,439 acres under 

 tobacco, 2,159,908 acres under jute, 585,421 acres 

 under other fiber plants, 5,750.080 acres under food 

 crops other than grain or pulse, and 151,092 acres 

 under coffee. Counting double 27,245,474 acres on 

 which double crops were raised, the total area 

 cropped was 223,243,566 acres. The irrigated area 

 was 18,616,253 acres, of which 10.245,732 acres 

 were served by minor works, paying Rx 3,799,946 

 for the service, and 8,370,521 acres by major 

 works, paying Rx 2,072,880, making the gross reve- 

 nue collected for irrigation Rx 5,872,826. The net 

 profits from irrigation works for which capital ac- 

 counts are kept were 7 per cent. The area culti- 

 vated, counting double for double crops, was 30,- 

 418,454 acres, and the value of the irrigated crops 

 was estimated at Rx 45,000,000. The reserved 

 forests cover nearly 76,500 square miles, the area 

 in the Central Provinces being 19,206, in Burmah 

 14,706, in Madras 13,775, in Bombay 13,281, in 

 Bengal 5,880, in the Northwest Provinces and 

 Oudh 3,851, in Assam 3,590, in the Punjab 2,283, 

 in Berar 4,175 square miles, besides which there 

 are Government forests in Coorg, Ajmere, Ba- 

 luchistan, and the Andamans. 



The value of the sea-borne commerce of India in 

 the financial year 1898-'90 was Rx 89,997,141 for 

 imports and Rx 120,211,145 for exports, a decrease 

 of 4.45 per cent, in the imports and an increase of 

 14.73 per cent, in the exports compared with 1897- 

 '98. Of the imports, Rx 72,101,528 consisted of 

 merchandise and Rx 17,895,613 of treasure; of the 

 exports, Rx 112,799,725 of merchandise and Rx 

 7,411,420 of treasure. Of the bullion and specie 

 imported, Rx 8,840,054 represent gold and Rx 

 9,055,559 silver imports, while the exports of gold 

 were Rx 2,336,646 and of silver Rx 5,074,774. The 

 imports of merchandise, excluding Government 

 stores, were Rx 68,380,341 in value and the im- 

 ports of treasure not for the Government were 

 Rx 17,883,957, making the total imports on pri- 

 vate account Rx 86,264,298. Of the total exports 

 of merchandise Rx 109,350,276 were products of 

 the country and Rx 3,371,197 re-exports. Ex- 

 cluding Government stores and treasure, the im- 

 ports and exports of the principal commercial divi- 

 sions of India in the foreign commerce of 1898-'99 

 were as follow: 



The imports of live animals in 1899 were valued 

 at Rx 329,306, and exports at Rx 159,979; imports 

 of articles of food and drink at Rx 9,189,556, and 

 exports at Rx 38,576,728; imports of chemicals, 

 drugs, and colors at Rx 2,013,412, and exports at 

 Rx 11,333,926; imports of oils at Rx 3,552,005, 

 and exports at Rx 800,887; imports of raw ma- 

 terials at Rx 2,971,876, and exports at Rx 39,- 

 143,998; imports of hardware and cutlery at Rx 

 1,430,123, and exports at Rx 15,739; imports of 

 metals at Rx 5,179,246, and exports at Rx 110,- 

 896; imports of machinery at Rx 3,055,931, and 

 exports at Rx 882; imports of railroad material 

 and rolling stock at Rx 2,824,815, and exports at 

 Rx 8.832; imports of yarns and textile fabrics- at 

 Rx 30,325,847, and exports at Rx 13.945.656; im- 

 ports of clothing at Rx 1,380,486, and exports at 

 Rx 151,928; imports of all other articles at Rx 

 6,127,738, and exports at Rx 5,100,825. The value 

 of cotton manufactures imported was Rx 27,229,- 



720; metals, hardware, and cutlery, Rx 6,609,369; 

 sugar, refined and raw, Rx 4,016,999; silk, raw 

 and manufactured, Rx 2,159,450; liquors, Rx 

 1,647,520; woolen goods, Rx 1,523,731; provisions,. 

 Rx 1,531,667; chemicals and drugs, Rx 1,236,305; 

 spices, Rx 889,054; dyes and tans, Rx 777.107; 

 salt, Rx 661,227; coal, Rx 696,379; glass, Rx 662,- 

 293; paper, Rx 382,657; umbrellas, Rx 243,438; 

 grain and pulse, Rx 31,265. The exports of rice 

 were valued at Rx 15,813,954; oil k seeds and other 

 seeds, Rx 11,847,194; raw cotton, Rx 11,188,538; 

 wheat, Rx 9,719,688; tea, Rx 8,044,804; cotton 

 manufactures, Rx 7,788,470; hides and skins, Rx 

 7,449,218; opium,Rx 7,126,009; raw jute,Rx 6,941,- 

 245; jute manufactures, Rx 5,798,359; indigo, Rx 

 2,970,478; coffee, Bx 1,749,824; wool, Rx 1,253,- 

 483; timber, Rx 1,085,705; lac, Rx 871,394; oils, 

 Rx 800,887; spices, Rx 618,596; provisions, Rx 

 609,729; dyes other than indigo, and tans, Ux 

 510,886; silk, raw, and cocoons, Rx 458,003; salt- 

 peter, Rx 349,344; woolen manufactures, Rx 229,- 

 285 ; sugar, Rx 198,437 ; silk manufactures, Rx 

 128,189. Of the rice exported the value of Rx 

 9,582,038 came from Burmah, Rx 4,698,436 from 

 Bengal, Rx 612,941 from Bombay, Rx 766,230 

 from Madras, and Rx 144,309 from Sind; of the 

 wheat, Rx 3,399,587 from Bombay, Rx 4,700,047 

 from Sind, and Rx 1,620,015 from Bengal; of the 

 opium, Rx 4,318,148 from Bengal and Rx 2,807,- 

 861 from Bombay; of the indigo, Rx 1,870,553 

 from Bengal, Rx 934,266 from Madras, and smaller 

 amounts from Bombay and Sind; of the cotton, 

 Rx 8,144,818 from Bombay, Rx 1,305,380 from 

 Madras, Rx 917,859 from Sind, Rx 676,992 from 

 Bengal, and Rx 143,489 from Burmah ; of the seeds, 

 Rx 5,864,868 from Bombay, Rx 4,114,756 from 

 Bengal, Rx 1,455,451 from *Sind, and Rx 409,028 

 from Madras. On rice is collected the only ex- 

 port duty, amounting in 1899 to Rx 1.006,651. 

 Of the import duties, amounting to Rx 6,192,940, 

 salt paid Rx 2,588,993. Of the total value of the 

 imports of merchandise Rx 58,087,914, and of the 

 exports Rx 68,011,394, passed through the Suez 

 Canal. The export and import trade of the port 

 of Calcutta was Rx 72,578,339; of Bombay, Rx 

 60,578,339; of Rangoon, Rx 14,044,212; of Karachi, 

 Rx 12,896,636; of Madras, Rx 8,623,601; of Tuti- 

 corin, Rx 2,187,869. 



The shares of the principal commercial coun- 

 tries in the foreign commerce of India in 1898- ? 99^ 

 are shown in the following table, giving the total 

 imports and the exports of Indian produce: 



The import and export trade over the land 

 frontiers with Xepaul, the Shan States. Kashmir. 

 Kandahar, Cabul, Bajaur. western China. Xiininc. 

 Khelat, Tibet, Siam, Lus Bela, and Karen 

 amounted to Rx 10,142,000 in 1899, the imports be- 



