390 



MISSOURI. 



MIVART, ST. GEORGE. 



her of railroad employees, June 30, 1900, was 23,- 

 092; for street railways (estimated), 45,000. Not 

 including logging, electric, cable, or horse-power 

 roads, there are 147 railroads and 57 companies in 

 the State, 1,632 stations, and 1.256 station houses. 

 One employee in 2,118 was killed, and 1 in 205 in- 

 jured during the year preceding. Of passengers, 

 1 in 4,679,447 was killed, and 1 in 324,962 injured. 

 The earnings of the railroads were reported at 

 $17,296,880; taxes paid, $904,422.15. 



Labor Troubles. The street-car strike in St. 

 Louis in 1900 was the only movement of impor- 

 tance. It lasted several weeks, and cost the city 

 $157.000 for police work, and involved 33,000 men, 

 only 4,394 failing to go on strike. The street rail- 

 ways affected involved 436 miles. The losses 

 reached several million dollars in wages and costs 

 to both sides. Gov. Stephens refused to call out 

 the militia, on the ground that the sheriff had not 

 exhausted his powers to keep the peace. The re? 

 suit was an arrangement which granted in some 

 form most of the original demands of the strikers. 



Department Store Taxation. The State Su- 

 preme Court, Feb. 20, rendered a decision adverse 

 to the constitutionality of the act passed in the 

 preceding session of the Legislature allowing coun- 

 ty and municipal authorities to levy a special 

 license tax on department stores. The case of the 

 State of Missouri ex rcl. John C. Wyatt vs. Thomas 

 R. Ashcrook, Rice D. Greky, and John F. Johnson 

 was brought by mandamus from the Buchanan 

 County court for the purpose of compelling the 

 authorities of St. Joseph to issue a merchant's li- 

 cense to Wyatt for the conducting of a department 

 store. 



Under the law appealed from there had been 

 a refusal to issue the license unless the relator 

 would first pay to the city two thirds and to the 

 State one third of the amount required under 

 section 6 of the act, which provided for a license 

 tax on each of 23 groups of goods sold in de- 

 partment stores of $300 to $500, at the discretion 

 of the taxing authority. The Supreme Court de- 

 cided this discretionary provision to be at vari- 

 ance with the State Constitution, in that it was 

 " class " and " special " legislation. The court de- 

 clared the act to be an " arbitrary and unreason- 

 able classification of merchants for the particular 

 purpose of this particular imposition," involving 

 also " inequality and want of uniformity " in deter- 

 mining the amount of tax. A peremptory writ 

 of mandamus was ordered issued. 



Louisiana Purchase Exposition. In addi- 

 tion to the $5.000,000 in exposition bonds to be 

 issued by the city of St. Louis and the $1,000,000 

 authorized for expenditure by the State for this 

 exposition under legislation of 1890, the first ses- 

 sion of the Fifty-sixth Congress also authorized 

 an appropriation of $5,000,000 in aid of it. It is 

 to be disbursed for the exposition of 1903 under 

 rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary 

 of the Treasury, but these are to be operative 

 only after the sum of $10,000,000 has been raised 

 by the corporation having the exposition in charge. 

 It is also provided that the United States is to 

 be repaid in due proportion with such repayments 

 as are made out of the proceeds of the Louisiana 

 Purchase Exposition to the city of St. Louis and 

 the Slate of Missouri. 



Political. In the presidential election, the State 

 gave 351,912 votes for the Democratic ticket. 314,- 

 091, for the Republican. f>.96."> for the Prohibition, 

 and 0.128 for the Social-Democratic. 



The Democratic State convention met at Jeffer- 

 son City, .June 14, and nominated the following 

 ticket : For Governor, Alexander M. Docket \ : 

 Lieutenant Governor, John A. Lee; Secretary of 



State, Samuel B. Cook ; Treasurer, Robert P. Wil- 

 liams; Auditor, Albert O. Allen; Attorney-Gen- 

 eral, Edward C. Crow; member of Railroad and 

 Warehouse Commission, - - Harrington. All 

 these nominees were elected in November by an 

 average vote of 350,000; Gov. Dockery's vote was 

 350,045. 



The Democratic Judicial Convention met at 

 Sedalia, July 17, and nominated for Chief Justice 

 James B. Gantt; for Associate Justices, Thomas A. 

 Sherwood, Gavon D. Burgess, Theodore Brace, and 

 L. B. Valliant all of whom were re-elected. 



Constitutional Amendments. At the elec- 

 tion in November, 1900, 7 amendments to the Con- 

 stitution were ratified. Under the first, county 

 courts, in their discretion, may levy a special tax 

 not to exceed 15 cents on the $100 of tax valuation 

 for roads and bridges. Three other amendments 

 provide that in courts of record three fourths of 

 the jury in a civil case may determine the cause; 

 that in courts not of record, in both civil and 

 criminal cases, two thirds of a jury may render a 

 verdict. Juries may be composed of fewer than 

 12 men, and criminals prosecuted may be con- 

 victed upon either information or indictment. 

 Courts having power to try felony cases may dis- 

 pense with grand juries, which are to be convened 

 on the judge's order. By the fifth amendment a 

 new system of taxation as to mortgages is made 

 operative. 



MIVART, ST. GEORGE (mi-vart'),an English 

 biologist, born in Brook Street, Grosvenor Square. 

 London, Nov. 20, 1827 ; died at his home, 77 Inver- 

 ness Terrace, in that city, April 1, 1900. He began 

 his studies as a boy at Clapham Grammar School, 

 went thence to Harrow, and afterward entered 

 King's College, London. It had been his father's 

 wish that he should go to Oxford, but the lad, hav- 

 ing at the age of seventeen become a member of the 

 Roman Catholic Church, which at the time was a 

 bar to matriculation at Oxford, took his final course 

 at St. Mary's College, Oscott. He next studied law. 

 and in 1851 was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn; 

 but it is not recorded that he ever practiced. A 

 strong bent toward scientific pursuits had already 

 declared itself, and, yielding to this, he concentrated 

 his attention first on medical, and later on a wider 

 range of biological study. In 1855 he became a 

 fellow of the Zoological Society of London, and l>y 

 1862 had made such progress in the medico-biolog- 

 ical sciences that he was appointed lecturer on 

 comparative anatomy at St. Mary's Hospital. In 

 recognition of his valuable researches in structural 

 anatomy he was elected a fellow of the Royal 

 Society in 1867, and two years later was made 

 vice-president of the Zoological Society. From 

 1874 to 1880 he held the position of secretary of 

 the Linnaean Society of London, afterward serving 

 for many years on its council, and at one time a- 

 a vice-president. In 1874 he was appointed I'm 

 fessor of Biology at University College. London: 

 was created Ph. D. of Rome by the Pope in 1S7<>: 

 and in 1884 received the degree of .M. I), from th< 

 University of Louvain, in which institution latci 

 he accepted the post of Professor of the Philosophj 

 of Natural History. In 1896 he was again el' 

 vice-president of the Zoological Society of London 

 continuing in the position until 189!). when fail in;. 

 health forced him to resign. 



Dr. Mivart first became known in scientific <-ir 

 cles through his fruitful anatomical researches int< 

 the structure of vertebrate animals, his work 

 though chiefly on the mammals, including aN< 

 birds, fishes, and reptiles, lie was noted as an cv 

 ceedintrl.v accurate and painstaking observer, who. 

 omitting no detail, unearthed a surprising number 

 of new facts in fields that had already been worked 





