

MOROCCO. 



395 



leded those of 1897 by $4,731, and those for 1899 of 8,000 cavalry and 10,000 infantry, and tribal 

 had been $1,967 larger than those for 1898. Add- levies would add 40,000 irregular cavalry and in- 



ing to the numbers given to the Northern District 

 those reported on the same date for the Southern 

 District viz., 3,041 communicants, 297 noncommu- 



fantry to the fighting strength of the Sultan, all 

 troops of valor, formidable in the tactics suited 

 to their country. The Sultan derives his revenue 



nicants, 1,754 children, giving a total of 5,092 from monopolies, from taxes and tithes, and from 



members and 3,994 members of Sunday schools 

 there were returned for the whole Moravian 



gifts. His income is estimated at 7,000,00*1 francs 

 from these sources, besides the customs dues col- 



( 'hurch in the American Province, 14,817 communi- lected at the 8 ports and applied to general ad- 



ciints, 1,598 noncommunicants, 6,534 children, mak- ministrative purposes, estimated at 12,000,000 



ing a total of 22,949 members, and 15,153 members francs a year. 



of Sunday schools. The value of the merchandise imports by sea 



The entire membership of the churches of the in 1898 was 1,167,447 sterling; exports, 1,161,- 



Unity or of the Moravian Church in the home 118. The imports of cotton goods were 531,892 



provinces, on the ^Continent of Europe, in Great in value; sugar, 269,636; tea, 98,901. Other 



Of these imports are silk goods, candles, woolen cloth, 



Britain, and in America was 38,280. 

 members, 25,000 were communicants. 



The general report of the Moravian missions for 

 '0 showed a net loss of 773 members, which 



as occasioned wholly by the transference of the 

 entire mission in Greenland to the Danish Lu- 

 theran Church. This mission included 1,630 souls, 

 the deduction of which from the whole number 

 was partly made up for and reduced to less than 

 one half by gains in other quarters of the mission 

 field of the Church. The Mission Board of the 

 entire Unity had now 131 stations, with 60 out 

 stations, in 20 different countries. These missions 

 were served by 240 brethren and 213 sisters to- 

 gether 453 missionaries, or 22 more than in the 

 previous year and included 95,424 souls. The 

 work of the missions on the Mosquito Coast has 

 been interrupted by adverse action of the Govern- 

 ment, and it has been found necessary to close the 

 schools at Bluefields and Magdala. 



spirits, flour, earthenware, and glass. The exports 

 of wool were 204,857 in value; goat skins, 

 181,516; eggs, 78,939; beans, 58,502; slippers, 

 46,745. Other exports are almonds, cattle, wax, 

 maize, dates, and bird seed. The value of the 

 trade with the principal foreign countries in 1898 

 was as follows: 



The number of vessels entered at the ports of 

 Tangier, Dar al Baida, Mogador, Mazagan, 

 Arisch, Saffi, Rabat, and Tetuan in 1898 was 

 2,089, of 997,749 tons. 



After the death of Mulai Hassan the responsi- 



MOROCCO, an empire in northern Africa. The bilities of government were left by the young 



Emperor is an absolute monarch, ruler in spiritual 

 as well as temporal affairs, deferring only occa- 

 sionally to the Sharif of Tafilet, descendant of the 

 Prophet Mohammed and of the former ruling 

 dynasty. He is advised by his ministers when 

 he wishes advice, but oftener merely indicates to 

 them his decisions. The Sultan Mulai Hassan, 

 who reigned from 1873 till 1894, was succeeded 

 on June 7 of that year by Mulai Abd el Aziz, 

 born Feb. 24, 1878. The Grand Vizier, in the 



Sultan largely to the Grand Vizier, whose two 

 brothers filled the next highest posts. In the 

 early part of 1900 these brothers died, and in 

 May the Vizier himself. No one was left who 

 had experience and authority. The Moors, ac- 

 customed to despotic and arbitrary government, 

 bend their necks only to the strong. They were 

 alarmed and exasperated at the encroachments of 

 the French in the Tuat oases, which have always 

 been claimed by Morocco. The Government was 



beginning of 1900, was Ahmed ben Mussa ; Min- momentarily paralyzed at a time when the Sharifs 



ister of Foreign Affairs, Abdul Krim ben Sliman; 

 Minister of War, Said ben Mussa; Minister of 



were proclaming a holy war against the French 

 and collecting the tribesmen of the desert to de- 



Finance, Abdesselam el Tasi ; Grand Chamberlain, fend the sacred places of Tafilet. A protest against 



Dris ben Aish. 



Morocco has an area of 53,800 square miles, not 

 including the desert and its oases ; with the desert, 

 about 219,000 square miles. The population is 

 estimated at 9,256,000, of whom 3,000,000 are 

 Berbers and Tuaregs, 2,200,000 Shellah Berbers, 

 700,000 Bedouin Arabs, 3,000,000 Mued Arabs, 

 200,000 negroes, 150,000 Jews, and 6,000 Christians. 

 Fez, the capital, has a population of about 140,000 ; 

 Morocco, the southern capital, has from 40,000 

 to 50,000; and Tangier, where the representatives 

 of foreign powers reside and where five sixths of 

 the Christians remain, since foreigners are not 

 welcome in the other cities, has about 30,000. 

 The Moors are Sunnite Mohammedans of the 

 Malekite sect. 



The Sultan transfers his court periodically to 

 the city of Morocco, in the south, or sometimes 

 sojourns in other towns. Wherever he goes he 

 is accompanied by his army of 10,000 infantry 

 trained by an Englishman, 600 disciplined cavalry, 

 several field batteries commanded by Frenchmen, 

 and contingents furnished on demand by govern- 

 ors of provinces. Italian artillery and engineer 



French aggression had already been drawn up, but 

 there was no one to instruct the envoy who was 

 going to Tangier to present it to the ministers 

 of the powers. The powers collectively were caus- 

 ing trouble by pressing for the right of their 

 ministers and for Europeans in general to reside 

 in Fez. The Sultan filled the vacant posts at 

 court on May 13, immediately after the burial of 

 the late Vizier, as follows: Grand Vizier, Sid el 

 Haz Mukhtar; Minister of War, Said Gubbas; 

 Grand Chamberlain, Sil Hassen. Abdul Krim was 

 retained as Minister of Foreign Affairs. The 

 French columns which were operating against the 

 tribes that formerly paid an intermittent alle- 

 giance to the Emperor of Morocco, but more com- 

 monly set him at defiance, were re-enforced by 

 1,400 men, dispatched to Igli, the place occupied 

 latest, and to Ain Sefra, where the railroad for 

 the time ended that was pushed forward in the 

 tracks of the conquering expedition. This latter 

 place is in close proximity to Figuig, a territory 

 formally acknowledged under existing treaties be- 

 tween France and Morocco as belonging to Mo- 

 rocco and the rallying point of the Moorish mili- 



officers have assisted in starting an arms factory tary force that was collected to defend the frontier 

 at Fez, and Spanish and German officers are at- and to emphasize the claims of Morocco to the dis- 

 tached to the Sultan's staff. There is a militia tricts already occupied by French troops. The 



