NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. 



NOVA SCOTIA. 



449 



culture, $23,485; education, $185,615; depart- 

 mental expenses, $8,235; legislation, $23,205; ad- 

 ministration of justice, $9,700; maintenance of 

 public works, $7,975; repairs to public works, 

 $10,000; inspection of public works, $7,500; con- 

 struction of bridges, $61,075; aid to local and 

 municipal improvements, $12,000; construction of 

 roads, $4 1,000; miscellaneous public works, $38,000; 

 hospitals, charities, and public health, $9,350; sun- 

 dry expenditures, $2,404; total, $482,483. In 1899 

 I lie expenditure had been $357,025. 



Calgary Exhibition and Agriculture. One 

 of the most important institutions in the terri- 

 tories is the annual exhibition at Calgary. It was 

 opened on Sept. 12, 1900, by Lieut.-Gov. A. E. 

 Forget, in the presence of a large audience repre- 

 sentative of Alberta and the entire West. The 

 speech of the Lieutenant Governor described two 

 important branches of development in this part of 

 the territories, and the following extracts are 

 therefore given : 



"You have around you, first of all, a vast' and 

 fertile region for ranching, suitable alike for cattle 

 and horses, as well as in certain localities admi- 

 rably adapted for the raising of sheep. The ever- 

 increasing commerce in Alberta stock shows that 

 these advantages have been recognized. You have 

 as well in northern Alberta a splendid dairy coun 

 try. The official report of the Northwest Govern- 

 ment declares that it would be hard to find any- 

 where in the world a better dairy country than 

 the foothills of the Rocky mountains and the Sas- 

 katchewan valley. It is not surprising to learn, 

 therefore, that the settlers in these districts are 

 rapidly turning their attention to an industry in 

 which the whole of Canada is taking a foremost 

 place in the markets of the world. As to the 

 capabilities for grain growing, that is a prominent 

 feature of a great portion of your district. There 

 is the significant fact that central Alberta produces 

 more wheat per acre than is produced in any part 

 of the territories, and the other parts of Alberta 

 far exceed the growth per acre that is found in 

 any of the other provisional districts. Almost 

 as pleasing a state of things applies to the yield of 

 oats and barley, West Assiniboia alone being 

 slightly ahead in these cereals. 



" Another direction in which you are utilizing 

 the resources of Nature is in regard to irrigation. 

 It lias been recognized that the future of the re- 

 iion adjacent to the Rocky mountains, from Cal- 

 gary to the international boundary, is dependent 

 to a large extent on irrigation. The difficulties of 

 such a situation have been grappled with a vigor 

 and energy that call for admiration. Wise legis- 

 lation has been enacted, scientific astuteness has 

 been exercised, skillful operations are at work." 



In these territories there are about 350,000,000 

 acres, of which a large portion is available for 

 farming, but only about 7,000,000 acres are as yet 

 in the hands of farmers. One million acres are 

 utilized for ranching. The agricultiiral progress 

 has been steady, if slow. In 1898, 9.032,297 bush- 

 els of wheat, oats, and barley were produced. In 

 1899, 11,939,120 bushels of these cereals were raised. 

 A few years ago there were no creameries or cheese 

 factories in the territories. In 1898 there were 19 

 of the former and 13 of the latter. At the close 

 of 1898 177 irrigation ditches and canals were 

 in operation. 



Education. The educational system of the ter- 

 ritories is under the control of a Council of Pub- 

 lic Instruction, which includes the Executive 

 Council and four appointed members without a 

 vote. No school district can cover more than 25 

 scjuare miles or contain fewer than 4 resident 

 1 leads of families with a school population of 12. 

 VOL. XL. 29 A 



No religious instruction is allowed in any public 

 school before three o'clock, and then only subject 

 to the wishes of the trustees and the parents. 

 In 1899 there were 16,825 pupils in the public 

 schools and 1,976 in the Roman Catholic schools. 

 The average attendance, however, was only 8,331 

 in the one case and 1,084 in the latter. 



NOVA SCOTIA, a maritime province of the 

 Dominion of Canada; area, 20,907 square miles; 

 population in 1891, 450,396. Capital, Halifax. 



Government and Politics. On Feb. 8, 1900, 

 the third session of the thirty-second Parliament 

 was opened by Lieut.-Gov. Sir Malachy Bowes 

 Daly with a speech from the throne, in which he 

 said: 



" You have assembled to discharge your legis- 

 lative duties at a time when unhappily our em- 

 pire is engaged in a war which has already brought 

 sorrow to thousands of British homes. While all 

 must deeply regret the necessity for the conflict 

 in South Africa, some consolation may be found 

 in the splendid manifestation of loyalty which it 

 has called forth not only in the motherland, but 

 also throughout the colonies. Canada has 

 promptly availed herself of the opportunity to 

 testify her devotion to the interests of the em- 

 pire by contributing two contingents of Canadian 

 soldiers for service in South Africa. The organiza- 

 tion and dispatching of these forces is a matter 

 coming within the authority of the Government 

 and Parliament of Canada, and I feel assured that 

 whatever may be necessary to provide for our 

 soldiers will be cheerfully voted by the representa- 

 tives of our people in the federal sphere. But 

 while we as a province are not called upon to con- 

 tribute to this part of the outlay, there is an 

 opportunity for the manifestation of our interest 

 and sympathy by contributions to the patriotic 

 fund that is being raised for the benefit of the 

 wives and families of the men who have gone 

 to Africa. 



" I am happy to be able to assure you that the 

 various branches of industry in which our people 

 are engaged have been vigorously prosecuted 

 during the year with the most satisfactory results, 

 and that the province has enjoyed a degree of 

 prosperity unexampled in its history. The output 

 of our coal mines was much larger than in any 

 preceding year. 



" I rejoice to be able to record the progress that 

 has been made during the year in the movement 

 for the establishing of the great industry in the 

 manufacture of iron and steel at Sydney. The 

 large amount of capital subscribed for the purpose, 

 and the extensive works already under construc- 

 tion, give assxirance that the great enterprise will 

 be carried to an early completion. 



" I am glad to be able to inform you that very 

 substantial progress has been made during the 

 past year in several of the new railway enter- 

 prises of the province. In the case of the Inverness 

 and Richmond Railway, to connect the Strait of 

 Canso with the Broad Cove coal fields, my Gov- 

 ernment deemed the advantage of the line in re- 

 lation to the development of our mineral resources 

 to be so great as to justify the giving of an as- 

 surance to the company of something more than 

 the ordinary subsidy, subject, however, to condi- 

 tions which make the transaction one of un- 

 doubted provincial benefit. The company began 

 work early last summer, and the railway is prac- 

 tically completed between the Strait of- Canso and 

 Port Hood. The work of constructing the Nova 

 Scotia Midland Railway, which will give railway 

 facilities to the country between Windsor and 

 Truro, has been vigorously prosecuted, and is near 

 completion. In the western part of our prov- 



