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OBITUARIES, AMERICAN. (BARTOL BEECHER,) 



Bureau of Education was established in 1867, and 

 Dr. Barnard became the first United States Com- 

 missioner of Education. He organized the bureau 

 and issued four valuable reports. In the first of 

 these he advocated nearly every educational re- 

 form that has since been introduced in the United 

 States. He resigned in 1870, and devoted the re- 

 mainder of his life to the writing and publication 

 of educational works. On his eighty-seventh 

 birthday (Jan. 24, 1898), the public schools of 

 Hartford were closed, and a distinguished audi- 

 ence gathered in the Capitol to do him honor as 

 " the father of education " a title that he shares 

 with Horace Mann, his great contemporary and 

 coworker. While secretary of the school board 

 he established the Connecticut Common-School 

 Journal, and in Rhode Island he issued the Rhode 

 Island School Journal. In 1855 he began the 

 publication of the American Journal of Educa- 

 tion. His writings covered the whole range of 

 educational activities, both theoretical and prac- 

 tical. Some of the more important titles are: 

 School Architecture (1839; 10th ed., 1886); Na- 

 tional Education (1840); Practical Illustrations 

 of School Architecture; Report on Public Schools 

 in Rhode Island (1845 and 1848); Documentary 

 History of Public Schools in Providence; Educa- 

 tion and Employment of Children in Factories; 

 Normal Schools and Teachers' Institutes (1850); 

 National Education in Europe (1854); Normal 

 Schools in the United States and Europe; History 

 of Education in Connecticut from 1838 to 1854; 

 Educational Biography (1857); Papers for 

 Teachers; Military Schools; Technical and Sci- 

 entific Education; American Pedagogy; Dis- 

 courses on the Life and Character of T. H. Gal- 

 laudet; Tribute to Dr. Gallaudet, with a History 

 of the American Asylum; Hints and Methods for 

 the Use of Teachers; American Teachers; Ele- 

 mentary and Secondary Instruction in Switzer- 

 land, France, Belgium, etc.; English Pedagogy; 

 French Teachers, Schools, and Pedagogy; Ger- 

 man Teachers and Educational Reformers; Life 

 of Ezekiel Cheever, and Notes on the Free Schools 

 of New England; American Journal of Education 

 (ed. 1856-'86) ; Kindergarten and Child Culture 

 Papers; Object Teaching, and Oral Lessons on 

 Social Science and Common Things (1861); 

 Pestalozzi and Pestalozzianism (1861); Pri- 

 mary Schools and Elementary Instruction; 

 School Codes; Science and Art; Superior Instruc- 

 tion in Different Countries. A collected edition of 

 his works was published in 188(5, under the title 

 The American Library of Schools and Education. 

 It is in 52 volumes and contains more than 800 

 treatises, each being also published separately. 



Bartol, Cyrus Augustus, clergyman, born in 

 Freeport, Me., April 30, 1813; died in Boston, 

 Mass., Dec. 16, 1900. He was graduated at Bow- 

 doin College in 1832, and at Harvard Divinity 

 School in 1835. and became the colleague of the 

 Rev. Charles Lowell at the West (Unitarian) 

 Church, Boston, in 1837. After the death of the 

 senior pastor, in 1861, he continued in charge 

 of the parish until the dissolution of the society 

 in 1888. In the earlier portion of his ministry he 

 might have been classed with the Channing Uni- 

 tarians, as the more conservative members of the 

 body were styled ; but as time went on he became 

 known as an extremely radical thinker. He was 

 always a fearless speaker, and at all times an en- 

 thusiastic advocate of philanthropic and other 

 reforms. His tender nature and intense spiritu- 

 ality endeared him to all who came within the 

 sphere of his influence. He published Discourses 

 on the Christian Spirit and Life (1850); Dis- 

 courses, on the Christian Body and Form; Pic- 



tures of Europe (1855); History of the West 

 Church and its Ministers (1858); Church and 

 Congregation (1858); The Word of the Spirit to 

 the Church (1860); The Unspotted Life (1864); 

 Radical Problems (1872); The Rising Faith 

 (1874) ; Principles and Portraits (1880) ; Spiritual 

 Specifics (1884). 



Beard. William Holbrook, painter, born in 

 Painesville, Ohio, April 13, 1825; died in New York 

 city, Feb. 20, 1900. He began sketching when a 

 very little boy, but his early instruction, beyond 

 such as he could impart to himself, seems to have 

 consisted only of a few lessons from his elder 

 brother, James Henry Beard. He began his pro- 

 fessional career as a traveling portrait painter in 

 1846, and after four years settled in Buffalo, 

 where he remained until his departure for Eu- 

 rope in 1857. He took with him several impor- 

 tant commissions, and spent three years painting 

 and sketching in Diis- 

 seldorf, and in Italy, 

 Switzerland, and 

 France. He returned 

 in 1860, and after a 

 short time in Buffalo 

 made his permanent 

 home in New York 

 city. He was elected 

 to the National Acad- 

 emy in 1862. His 

 father was a judge of 

 the Supreme Court of 

 Connecticut. In the 

 last years of his life 

 Mr. Beard devoted 

 himself almost exclu- 

 sively to the humor- 

 ous painting of ani- 

 mals, in which he was eminently successful. He 

 published collections of his sketches under the 

 title Humor in Animals, and a text-book entitled 

 Action in Art. Among his best-known picture* 

 are: Kittens and Guinea Pigs; Bears on a Bender: 

 Court of Justice; The Astronomers; The Watch- 

 ers; Bears' Dance; Raining Cats and Dogs: 

 Naughty Cubs; Death and Chivalry; The Bar- 

 room Politicians; Pets on a Spree; Old Time 

 Club Life; Hark; The Wreckers; The Approach 

 of Spring; Oh. My!; Horse Market in Brittany: 

 Worn Out; The Eagle; Lo! the Poor Indian: 

 The Dancing Lesson; Who! who-o!; How d'do. 

 Wabbit?; Ain't you Ashamed of Yourself?; 

 Eavesdropper; Who's Afraid?; Darwin Expound- 

 ing his Theories; Bulls and Bears in Wall Street : 

 The Fallen Landmark; and Cattle on a Thousand 

 Hills. His March of Silenus, belonging to tin- 

 Buffalo Fine Art Gallery, and Lo! the Poor In- 

 dian were at the Centennial Exhibition of 1S7C. 

 To the Paris Exposition of 1878 Mr. Beard sent 

 The Wreckers. 



Beecher, Charles, clergyman, born in Litcli- 

 field, Conn., Oct. 7, 1815: died in Georgetown. 

 Mass., April 21, 1900.' He was the last surviving 

 son of the Rev. Lyman Beecher. He studied at 

 the Boston Latin School and Lawrence Academy. 

 Groton, Mass., and was graduated at Howdoin in 

 1834. After a theological course at Lane Seminary. 

 of which his father was the head, he became 

 pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church in Fort 

 Wayne, Ind., in 1844. Owing to some dillVrcnr.- 

 of belief between himself and members of Un- 

 church, he left, in 1851, and became pastor of 

 a Congregational church in Newark. N. J., from 

 which ho went to the First Congregational Church 

 in Georgetown, Mass. From 1870 till 1S77 he re 

 sided in Florida, and was for two yen- State 

 Superintendent of Public Instruction. He was 





