OBITUARIES, AMERICAN. (CBAVATH GUSHING.) 



469 



ently outgrown some of his early faults of style. 

 He is best known by The Red Badge of Courage, 

 but in the Whilomville Stories, published after 

 his death, he is seen to much better advantage. 

 In these stories of child life the interpretation of 

 the child's attitude toward his surroundings is 

 most faithfully as well as sympathetically de- 

 picted. Other works of his not already mentioned 

 are: Maggie: A Girl of the Slums (1896) ; George's 

 Mother (1896); The Little Regiment, and Other 

 Episodes of the American Civil War (1896); The 

 Third Violet (1897); War is Kind, a book of 

 verse (1898) ; The Open Boat (1898) ; The Eternal 

 Patience (1898) ; Wounds in the Rain, war stories 

 (1900) ; Great Battles of the World (1901). 



Cravath. Erastus Milo, clergyman, born in 

 Hanover, N. Y., July 1, 1833; died in St. Charles, 

 Minn., Sept. 4, 1900. He was graduated at Ober- 

 lin College in 1857, and at its department of 

 theology in 18(50, and settled at Berlin Heights, 

 Ohio, as pastor of the Congregational Church. 

 In June, 1803, he was appointed chaplain of 

 the 101st Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and he served 

 in the Atlanta campaign and in the battles 

 of Franklin and Nashville. He was mustered out 

 of. the service in June, 1865. Shortly after the 

 war Mr. Cravath received the appointment of 

 field agent for the American Missionary Associa- 

 tion, and was sent to open schools in the cen- 

 tral South, accompanied by the Rev. E. P. Smith, 

 secretary of the American Missionary Association 

 in Cincinnati, and reached Nashville, Oct. 3, 1865. 

 At that time Gen. Clinton B. Fisk was stationed 

 in Nashville as Commissioner of the Freedmen's 

 Bureau for Tennessee and Kentucky, and had 

 with him Prof. John Ogden as his superintendent 

 of education. Cravath, Smith, and Ogden pur- 

 chased, on their own responsibility, a block of 

 land on which stood a large hospital erected by 

 the Government for war purposes. Gen. Fisk 

 was heartily in sympathy with the movement, 

 and secured the transfer of the hospital from the 

 War Department to the Freedmen's Bureau for 

 educational purposes, and the new enterprise, 

 opened Jan. 9, 1866, was named Fisk School. 

 Prof. Ogden became its principal, and Mr. Cra- 

 vat h assumed the general business responsibility. 

 The American Missionary Association and the 

 Western Freedmen's Aid Commission bought the 

 land of Ogden, Smith, and Cravath, and united in 

 sending a corps of 20 teachers for the 1,000 chil- 

 dren that were gathered into the school. In July, 

 1806, Secretary Smith was called to New York, 

 and Mr. Cravath was appointed to the secretary- 

 ship in Cincinnati, and had charge of the collect- 

 ing of funds in Ohio, Indiana, and eastern Michi- 

 gan, and of school and church work in Kentucky, 

 Tennessee, and northern Georgia and Alabama. 

 In September, 1870, he became field secretary of 

 the American Missionary Association, in New 

 York city, and had charge of the whole work of 

 the association in the South. In July, 1875, he 

 resigned the secretaryship on being elected first 

 president of Fisk University. For three years he 

 managed the tour of the original Jubilee Singers 

 through Europe to raise funds for enlarging the 

 university. He returned in the summer of 1878, 

 and from that time till his death devoted himself 

 entirely to the university. 



Cropsey, Jasper Francis, landscape painter, 

 born in Rossville, Staten Island, N. Y., Feb. 18, 

 1823; died in Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y., June 

 22, 1900. He studied architecture five years, and 

 after abandoning that profession was for a time 

 a pupil of Edward Maury, the landscape painter. 

 From 1847 till 1855 he studied in Italy and 

 traveled in Europe. After two years' residence in 





the United States he went to London, where he 

 remained seven years, sending many of his pic- 

 tures to the Royal Academy and to the Interna- 

 tional Exhibition of 1862. He returned finally to 

 New York city in 1863, and in 1885 removed his 

 studio to Hastings-on- Hudson. Mr. Cropsey 

 was made a member of the National Academy in 

 1851, and he was one of the original members of 

 the American Water Color Society. He designed 

 the stations for the Sixth Avenue system of the 

 Manhattan Elevated Railway. As an American 

 artist he is classed with the "old" or "Hudson 

 River school " of painters. His best known pic- 

 tures are: Jedburgh Abbey; Pontine Marshes 

 (1847); Backwoods of America (1857); Rich- 

 mond Hill Midsummer (1862); Greenwood Lake 

 (1870); Lake Nemi, in Italy (1879); Old Church 

 at Arreton, Isle of Wight (1880); Warwick 

 Castle; Ramapo Valley (1881); Autumn on the 

 Hudson (1882); Wawayanda Valley (1883); 

 Springtime in England (1884) ; October in Rama- 

 po Valley (1885) ; Autumn on Lake George; Anne 

 Hathaway's Cottage: and A Showery Day. 



Culberson. David Browning, lawyer, born in 

 Troup County, Georgia, Sept. 29, 1830; died in 

 Jefferson, Texas, May 7, 1900. He was educated 

 at Brownwood, La Grange, Ga., and studied law. 

 In 1856 he removed to Texas, and in 1861 settled 

 in Jefferson. He was elected to the State Legis- 

 lature in 1859, serving till the civil war broke 

 out. He entered the Confederate army as a 

 private, and was promoted to the rank of colonel 

 of the 18th Texas Infantry. In 1864 he was made 

 Adjutant General of the State of Texas, with the 

 rank of colonel, and in the same year was elected 

 to the Legislature. At the expiration of his term 

 he resumed his law practice in Jefferson. In 

 1873 he was elected State Senator. He resigned 

 in the following year, and was elected to Con- 

 gress and re-elected continuously till 1896. He 

 was for many years a member of the Judiciary 

 Committee, and for a long time its chairman. He 

 was tendered a place on the Interstate Commerce 

 Commission by President Harrison, but de- 

 clined it. 



Gushing, Frank Hamilton, ethnologist, born 

 in Northeast, Pa., July 22, 1857 ; died in Wash- 

 ington, D. C., April 10, 1900. He spent his boy- 

 hood on a farm in Barre, N. Y., and there became 

 interested in the collection of Indian relics. When 

 he was eighteen years of age his work was 

 brought to the attention of the late Prof. Baird, 

 secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, who in 

 1875 called young dishing to Washington to 

 be an assistant in that institution. He had 

 charge of the Smithsonian ethnological exhibit 

 at the Centennial Exposition of 1876, and in 1879 

 he was sent with an expedition to investigate 

 the pueblos of New Mexico. At his own request 

 he was left at the Pueblo of Zufii. He was 

 adopted into the Zuiii tribe, learned their lan- 

 guage, and was initiated into a secret order of 

 medicine men, known as the Priesthood of the 

 Bow. His researches gave him a more intimate 

 knowledge of the life and customs of the Indians 

 than had been gained by any one up to that 

 time. In 1884 he returned to Washington and be- 

 gan the elaboration of his notes, but was inter- 

 rupted by his appointment, two years later, to 

 the directorship of the Hemenway Southwestern 

 Archaeological Expedition. Excavations were 

 made in southern Arizona and New Mexico, cover- 

 ing a period of two and a half years, with the 

 most gratifying results. The greater part of the 

 collection made by this expedition is in the Pea- 

 body Museum. Cambridge, Mass. Mr. Cushing 

 then returned to Washington to supervise the 



