OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (AHMED DJEVAD PASHA ARGYLL.) 



army in the Sultan's name as though he were still 

 alive and sending messengers ahead with sealed 

 letters containing directions in accordance with 

 which Mulai Abdul Aziz (a boy of fourteen) was 

 proclaimed Sultan at Rabat. The Grand Vizier 

 and his brother, the Minister of War, and the 

 high court officials who were their creatures were 

 cast into dungeons before the new Sultan reached 

 Fez, and their property was confiscated. Sid 

 Ahmed had himself proclaimed Grand Vizier, 



509 



violins. He settled in Philadelphia, where he re- 

 mained until his death. His instruments arc 

 much prized. 



Althaus. Julius, an English neurologist, born 

 in Detmold, Germany, in 1833; died in London, 

 England, June 11, 1900. He was the son of a 

 clergyman of the Reformed Church, was sent to 

 the University of Bonn, and subsequently studied 

 medicine at Gottingen, Heidelberg, and Berlin. 

 He settled in London, adopting the treatment of 



filled the chief offices with members of his own nervous diseases as his specialty, and becoming 



family, and till the day of hia death was the ruler 

 ,of Morocco, a masterful and cruel ruler, who kept 

 the wild tribes in order with an iron hand. The 

 Kahamnas were exterminated, an army was quar- 

 tered on the serni-independert tr >es of Sus, and 

 the peaceful agricultural tribes suffered nearly 

 us much from the ceaseless extortions of the 

 Grand Vizier, who diverted to his own coffers the 

 moneys collected for the imperial treasury, and 

 bought house property and built himself palaces 

 almost as grand as the Sultan's own in every city 

 of Morocco. Gifts of money were the price of 

 every favor or consideration at his hands, and 

 whoever ceased to bring gold lost his position and 

 .influence if not his life as well. 



Ahmed Djevad Pasha, a Turkish statesman, 

 born in 1848; died in August, 1900. He entered 

 the cadet school at Kuleli at the age of ten, passed 

 into the military academy at Pancaldi in 1864, 

 and on his graduation in 1869 was appointed ad- 



Kant to the Sultan Abdul Aziz. He acquired a 

 utation as a military writer by publishing 

 istory of the Turkish military system. In the 

 Russo-Turkish War of 1877 he had charge of the 

 fortification of Shumla, and on receiving promo- 

 tion to lieutenant colonel was made chief of staff 

 at that station. He was a member of the Frontier 

 Delimitation Commission after the peace, was ad- 

 vanced to the grade of brigadier general in 1884, 

 and was appointed Turkish plenipotentiary to 

 Montenegro, where he remained over four years 

 and contributed a great deal to the improvement 

 of relations with the principality. He Avas re- 

 called to take the post of a military inspector. 

 When the Cretan insurrection began he was ap- 

 pointed chief of staff to the troops dispatched to 

 the island, and was made Provisional Governor of 

 Crete. He succeeded in re-establishing order, and 

 was made Mushir in 1890. From this post he was 

 called by the Sultan in September, 1891, to the 

 office of Grand Vizier. His vizierate lasted till 

 June, 1895. He was regarded as a man of prog- 

 ress, and an admirable diplomatist. He failed, 

 however, to prevent the interference of the powers 

 in the Armenian question, and when they had 

 presented their demands for radical reforms he was 

 unable to induce the Sultan to yield. The murder 

 of the English and Russian consuls by Bedouins 

 near Jeddah in Arabia made a change of viziers 

 nivi-ssary, and he gave up his post to Said Pasha. 

 When, in 1897, the last Cretan insurrection broke 

 out lie was again appointed to command the 

 Turkish troops in Crete, but was restrained from 

 putting down the rebellion by the intervening 

 powers. Later he commanded a corps in Da- 

 mascus. 



Albert, John, a German violinist, born in Kiel, 

 June 24, 1809; died in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 2, 

 1900. He was in his early years a violinist and 

 organist of high repute among Eiiropean concert 

 performers. His fondness for mechanics led him 

 eventually to become a maker of violins, and gave 

 him the name of the American Stradivarius. He 

 came to the United States at the time of the civil 

 war, and discovered by accident that certain 

 American woods are the best in the world for 



in 1860 a member of the Royal College of Physi- 

 cians. In 1866 he founded the Regent's Park 

 Hospital for Epilepsy and Paralysis. He was the 

 acknowledged authority in England on the use of 

 electricity in medical treatment, and his fame as 

 a neurologist was world-wide. He wrote exten- 

 sively on professional subjects, many of his books 

 being translated into French, German, and Ital- 

 ian. A partial list of his writings includes The 

 Spas of Europe (London, 1872) ; The Value of 

 Galvanism in the Treatment of Paralysis, Neu- 

 ralgia, and other Affections (3d ed., 1864) ; Epi- 

 lepsy, Hysteria, and Ataxy (1866); Electrolytic 

 Treatment of Tumors and other Surgical Dis- 

 eases (1867); Galvanism and Electro-magnetism 

 in Medical Surgery (1868); Treatise on Medical 

 Electricity (.1869) ; Diseases of the Nervous Sys- 

 tem (1877); Infantile Paralysis and some Allied 

 Diseases of the Spinal Cord (1878); The Func- 

 tions of the Brain (1880) ; Sclerosis of the Spinal 

 Cord (1884) ; Tinnitus Auriuni: Its Treatment by 

 Electricity (1887); Failure of Brain Power (5th 

 ed., 1898); The Value of Electrical Treatment 

 (1895); Influenza. 



Anderson, John, a Scottish scientist, born in 

 Edinburgh, Oct. 4, 1833; died in Buxton, Eng- 

 land, in August, 1900. He was educated at Edin- 

 burgh University, taking the degree of M. D. in 

 1861, and winning a gold medal for his thesis 

 Observations in Zoology. He was Professor of 

 Natural Science at the Free Church College, 

 1863-'64, and Professor of Comparative Anatomy 

 in the Medical College, Calcutta, 1864-'86. He 

 twice accompanied expeditions to western China 

 in the capacity of scientific officer, and in 1881 

 was sent to investigate the marine zoology of the 

 Mergui Archipelago. He retired from the Gov- 

 ernment service in India in 1887. His published 

 works embrace A Report on the Expedition to 

 Western China via BhamO (1871); Mandalay to 

 Momien; Anatomical and Zoological Researches 

 (1878) ; Catalogue of the Mammalia in the Indian 

 Museum (1879) ; Handbook to the Archaeological 

 Collection of the Indian Museum (1881-'82) ; 

 Fauna of Mergui and its Archipelago (1889): 

 English Intercourse with Siam in the Seventeenth 

 Century (1890); Herpetology of Arabia (1890): 

 and Zoology of Egypt, Part First, Reptilia and 

 Batrachia (1898). 



Argyll, George Douglas Campbell, Duke of, 

 born April 30, 1823; died at Inverary Castle, April 

 24, 1900. His father, the seventh duke, who suc- 

 ceeded his elder brother, took his seat in the 

 House of Lords as a Moderate Conservative sup- 

 porter of Sir Robert Peel, breaking with the 

 tradition of the Campbells, for MacCallum More, 

 the chief of the clan, had till then been party chief 

 of the Scottish Whigs also. Without the train- 

 ing of the public school or a university educa- 

 tion, but well read and with many intellectual 

 accomplishments and a strong bent 'for dialectics 

 he came out in supoort of the Church of Scotland 

 in its contest with the civil power by printing a 

 pamphlet entitled A Letter to the Peers by a 

 Peer's Son, in 1842, followed by others in which 

 he developed a vigorous controversial style, and 





