

OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (ARMSTRONG BEALE.) 



511 



Times and other newspapers, some of the books 

 that lie published are The Reign of Law (1800); 

 Primaeval Man (1809); The Unity of Nature 

 (1SS4); Scotland as it was and as it is; Un- 

 seen Foundations of Society; The Eastern Ques- 

 tion (1879); History and Antiquities of lona; 

 and The Burdens of Belief (1894). 



Armstrong, William George, Baron, an Eng- 

 ish scientist, born Nov. 20, 1810; died at Roth- 

 bmy, Northumberland, England, Dec. 27, 1900. 

 le was educated at a school in Bishop Auckland, 



nd adopting the profession of the law, practiced 



s a solicitor in Newcastle from 1832 to 1847. 



e then became an engineer and founded the since 

 famous Elswick Works, near Newcastle. From 

 is.v.) to 1803 he was engineer of rifled ordnance 

 at Woolwich. He was the first to put into prac- 

 tice the principles now almost universally govern- 

 ng the manufacture of heavy ordnance. Among 



is inventions are the Armstrong gun, the hy- 

 draulic crane, and the accumulator, which sub- 

 itituted an artificial head for that gained by 



ere altitude. He was president of the British As- 

 ociation in 18G3. He received the degree of LL.D. 



om Cambridge in 1802 and D.C.L. from Oxford 

 1870, as well as many foreign degrees. He 



ublished A" Visit to Egypt (1875); Electric 



ovement in Air and Water (1897); and many 



rofessional pamphlets. He was an enthusiastic 

 over of art, and his picture gallery at Craigside 



ntained many celebrated paintings. 



Arnold, Thomas, an English author, born at 

 Laleham in 1823; died in Dublin, Nov. 12, 1900. 



e was a son of Dr. Arnold of Rugby, younger 

 iy a year than his brother Matthew. He went to 

 chool at Winchester for a year, then entered 



ugby, obtained a scholarship at University Col- 

 ege, Oxford, in 1842, took his degree in the first 

 "ass in 1845, was a clerk in the Colonial Office 

 or a few months, and then, tired of Europe, he 

 sought a life free from false aims and shackling 

 conventionalities in the distant colony, whither 

 other Oxford idealists had gone before him. 



fter a while he went to Tasmania as inspector 

 of schools, married there the governor's grand- 

 daughter, entered the Roman Catholic Church in 

 1850 as the result of the Oxford movement, which 

 was at the crisis when he was an undergraduate, 

 and returned to England to take a professorship 

 in the Catholic college founded by Newman, whom 

 he afterward followed to the Oratory School in 

 Birmingham, where his Manual of English Lit- 

 erature was prepared. Then he conformed again 

 to the Church of England and returned to Ox- 

 ford, taught English literature and history there, 

 edited Wycliff, translated Beowulf, and prepared 

 other works of archaic literature for the press. 

 In 1877 he became a Catholic once more, and on 

 being appointed a fellow of the newly established 

 University of Ireland he went to Dublin to spend 

 the remainder of his life in teaching, examining, 

 and writing. Mrs. Humphry Ward, the novelist, 

 is the eldest of his numerous children. 



Atkinson, John Christopher, an English 

 clergyman, born at Goldhanger, Essex, England, 

 in 1S14; died at Danby-in-Cleveland, Yorkshire. 

 March 31, 1900. He was educated at Cambridge, 

 and was ordained in 1841. In 1847 he became 

 vicar of Danby, Yorkshire, and held that living 

 until his death. He is best known to the general 

 public by his admirable Forty Years in a Moor- 

 land Parish (1891). which has often been com- 

 pared to White's Natural History of Selborne. 

 His knowledge of birds and flowers was extraordi- 

 nary. Despite his manifold interests outside of 

 his profession, he was a devoted clergyman, and 

 the claims of his remote and rugged parish were 





always first with him. Besides the book already- 

 named, he published Walks, Talks, Travels, and 

 Exploits of Two Schoolboys (1859); Play Hours 

 and Half Holidays (1800); Sketches in Natural 

 History (1801); British Birds' Eggs and Nests 

 (1801) ; Stanton Grange, or Life at a Private Tu- 

 tor's (1803) ; A Glossary of the Cleveland Dialect, 

 the work of nearly twenty years (1808); Lost, 

 or What Came of a Slip from Honor Bright 

 (1809); The History of Cleveland, Ancient and 

 Modern (1872); Additions to a Glossary of the 

 Cleveland Dialect (1870); A Handbook for An- 

 cient Whitby and its Abbey (1882) ; Memorials of 

 Old Whitby (1890); The Last of the Giant Kill- 

 ers; and Scenes in Fairy Land. 



Bara, Jules, a Belgian statesman, born in 

 Tournay in 1835; died in Brussels, June 26, 1900. 

 He was a physician's son, and on completing his 

 studies at the Brussels University at the age of 

 twenty-two, receiving a doctor's degree in politi- 

 cal science as well as in laws, he began a career in 

 politics and at the bar simultaneously, coming 

 forward as a Liberal of extreme anticlerical 

 views, a frank agnostic. His eloquence and busi- 

 ness ability won for him a seat in the Chamber 

 from Tournay in 1802, and at the age of thirty 

 he was called into the Cabinet as Minister of Jus- 

 tice. During the five years that the ministry 

 of Frere-Orban lasted he carried through a reform 

 of the criminal code. He defended the rights of 

 the state against all the ingenious claims of the 

 Church, and when in the Opposition after 1870 

 his gifts of humor and sarcasm, his knowledge 

 of law and polities, and the alert and indefatiga- 

 ble attention that he gave to parliamentary busi- 

 ness gave him a sure claim to the Ministry of 

 Justice in Frere-Orban's second Cabinet, in which 

 it fell mainly to him to uphold in theory and 

 practice, in the Chamber and in the schoolrooms, 

 the principle of nongonfessional state education 

 and the exclusion of the clergy from the direction 

 of studies or from admission to the schools except 

 in the hours allowed for religious instruction. 

 The Premier received valuable assistance from 

 him in the diplomatic and religious difficulties cre- 

 ated by the severance of relations with the 

 Vatican. When the Clericals finally upset the 

 nonreligious public-school system in 1884, Bara 

 continued the struggle as one of the leaders of 

 the Liberal Opposition. In 1893 he opposed the 

 electoral reform adopted. by the Clerical majority 

 on the basis of universal suffrage, and thereby 

 he sacrificed his seat for Tournay, being defeated 

 in the election of 1894. The provincial council 

 then sent him to the Senate, in which body, as 

 the oldest and ablest member of the Opposition, 

 his utterances still had weight and influence. 



Barry, Charles, an English architect, born 

 Sept. 21, 1823; died in Worthing, Sussex, June 

 2, 1900. He studied architecture under his father. 

 whom he assisted when the latter was building 

 the Houses of Parliament, and at the age of 

 twenty-six began practice on his own account. 

 In 1858 he was appointed architect to Dulwich 

 College, the new buildings of which were designed 

 by him. Among other works of his are Bylaugh 

 Hall, Norfolk; Stevenstone, North Devon; the 

 Dulwich Public Library: New Burlington House, 

 Piccadilly; the rebuilding of Clumber House; and 

 the Civil Engineers' Institute, Westminster. He 

 was a fellow of the Royal Institute of British 

 Architects from 1804, and its president in 

 1870-79. 



Beale, Anne, an English novelist, died April 

 2, 1900. She was the author of popular evan- 

 gelical tales for girls, and of a good many novels 

 also. Her published works comprise Poems; Vale 



