OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (IIuxTEB JOIIXSON.) 



521 



a rapprochement with France, and it was he 

 who encouraged the ministers to persevere in the 

 colonial policy, though the reduction of military 

 expenditures was necessary. The King visited 

 Berlin once more to demonstrate adherence to the 

 alliance. With Crispi's return to power the old 

 policy was continued with more vigor until the 

 disaster of Adowa in 1896 caused his final fall, 

 endangered the dynasty even, and compelled the 

 abandonment of the Abyssinian enterprise, and 

 extinguished the hope of a colonial empire. The 

 reverse to Italian arms actually brought about a 

 better situation at home after the popular pas- 

 sions had subsided. The Government amnestied 

 all political prisoners and endeavored to con- 

 ciliate the revolutionary elements. Normal rela- 

 tions were restored between Italy and France by 

 the renunciation of Italian pretensions in Tunis, 

 and a commercial treaty was concluded in No- 

 vember, 1898. No sooner were external relations 

 comfortable again than unrest and discord began 

 to disturb the internal situation. When another 

 marchist, Acciarato, attempted to kill Humbert 



efore the gates of Rome on April 22, 1897, the 

 popular affection and respect for the simple sol- 

 iier King were shown not less unmistakably 

 than on the previous occasion. In the following 

 pear the proceedings of the Government in sup- 

 pressing the labor disturbances in Milan and 

 )ther cities affected the popularity of the King, 

 ind when he signed the decrees that Gen. Pelloux 



msidered necessary to give him power to preserve 

 public order in spite of parliamentary obstruc- 

 tion, the King was involved in the odium created 

 by the stern repressive policy of his ministers be- 

 cause the constitutionality of such extra-parlia- 



ientary legislation was denied by the Radicals. 



fo reasoned political incentives can be attributed, 

 jowever, to the murderous acts of fanatical Ital- 



m anarchists^ who choose as victims the most 



jnspicuous representatives of the ranks and dis- 

 tinctions that excite their malice and hatred, and 

 strike down a shining mark, such as a President 

 of the French Republic or an Empress of Austria, 

 to give distinction to their own exit from a world 

 whose conditions disgust them with life. The 

 assassin who shot King Humbert, going from the 

 United States expressly for the purpose, was not 

 rendered desperate by poverty, nor was he per- 

 sonally affected by the arbitrary acts of the Ital- 

 ian Government that caused the agitation, nor an 

 immediate member of the community in which 

 the grievances were felt, but a skilled workman 

 who lived in the United States, earning good 

 wages and saving money. King Humbert had 

 but one child, Victor Emmanuel, Prince of Naples, 

 who succeeded him as King. His eldest sister, 

 Princess Clotilde, is the widow of Prince Bona- 

 parte. His deceased brother Amadeus, who occu- 

 pied the Spanish throne from 1870 to 1875, left 

 four sons Emmanuel, the present Duke of Aosta; 

 Victor, Count of Turin; Louis, Duke of Abruzzi; 

 and Humbert, Count of Salemi. His younger sis- 

 ter. Princess Pia, is the widow of the late King 



Louis I of Portugal. The house of Savoy is 

 one of the most ancient now occupying a Euro- 

 pean throne, being traced to a German Count 

 Berthold, whose domain in the eleventh century 

 \vas in the Alps between Lake Leman and Mont 

 Blanc and whose descendants at different periods 

 acquired Turin and Susa, Nice, Piedmont, Sicily, 

 afterward exchang 1 for Sardinia, and Genoa. 

 The younger branch of Savoy-Carignano suc- 

 < 'ceded in the person of Charles Albert to the 

 kingdom of Sardinia when the direct male line 



Bed out in 1831, and Victor Emmanuel II. in 



tvhose favor his father abdicated in 1849, obtained 



Lombardy in 1859, and assumed the part of 

 unifier of Italy. The annexation of Parma, Mo- 

 dona, the Romagna, and Tuscany to Sardinia was 

 effected by the free vote of the people, who ex- 

 pelled their former rulers and welcomed the lib- 

 erating army early in 1860, as did the people of 

 Sicily and Naples, a section of the Papal States, 

 the Marches, and Umbria later in the year, and 

 Rome after the withdrawal of the French garrison 

 in 1870. The King of Italy has a civil list of 15,- 

 050,000 francs a year, out of which he must pay 

 the allowances of other members of his family. 



Hunter, Sir William Wilson, an English civil 

 servant, born July 15, 1840; died near Oxford, 

 England, Feb. 7, 1900. He was educated at the 

 University of Glasgow, at Paris, and at Bonn, and 

 entered the Bengal civil service in 1862. His en- 

 ergy and ability met with suitable recognition, 

 and by 1871 he had become undersecretary to the 

 Government of India and director general of sta- 

 tistics. He was a member of the Viceroy's Legis- 

 lative Council, 1881-'87, and in the latter year 

 retired from the civil service. He had written 

 largely before his return to England in 1887, and 

 after that event continued his literary pursuits, 

 and was a frequent contributor to the Times. 

 His writings include A Comparative Dictionary 

 of the Languages of India and High Asia (London, 

 1868) ; The Annals of Rural Bengal, perhaps his 

 best work (1872); The Uncertainties of Indian 

 Finance (Calcutta, 1869); Orissa (1872); A Life 

 of the Earl of Mayo (1875) ; A Statistical Account 

 of Bengal (1875-'77); A Statistical Account of 

 Assam (1880); England's Work in India (1881); 

 The Imperial Gazetteer of India (1885-'87); The 

 Indian Empire: Its History, People, and Products 

 (1882); A Brief History of the Indian People 

 (1884); Life and Work of the Marquess of Dal- 

 housie; Life of Brian Hodgson (1896); The Old 

 Missionary (1896); The Thackerays in India 

 (1897) ; A History of British India (Vol. I, 1899). 



Jacobini, Domenico, an Italian ecclesiastic, 

 born in Rome, Sept. 3, 1837; died there, Feb. 1, 

 1900. He was of no patrician family, although 

 the only Roman in the Sacred College, but the son 

 of the steward of an estate. After studying in the 

 Roman seminary he became a tutor in Greek after 

 his ordination, worked for a time in the archives 

 of the Propaganda, passed into the Congregation 

 of Briefs in 1874, was appointed papal house chap- 

 lain soon after and a canon of St. Peter's, and 

 in 1881 was made Archbishop of Tyre. A year 

 later he was appointed secretary of the Propa- 

 ganda. While filling this office and previously he 

 took a leading part in organizing the Clerical 

 political forces, helping to found Catholic work- 

 ingmen'a societies and electoral unions. He alone 

 among the clergy joined Prince Borghese and other 

 laymen in the request to Leo Xlll to recall the 

 papal command prohibiting Italian Catholics from 

 voting in the national elections. This act de- 

 sti-oyed for the time his influence at the Vatican 

 and brought upon him various embarrassments. 

 In 1891 he was sent away from Rome as papal 

 nuncio at Lisbon, .where he won great influence 

 and regained the favor of the Vatican by indu- 

 cing the Government and King of Portugal to can- 

 cel the promised visit of the King to the Italian 

 court in 1895. After this diplomatic success Ja- 

 cobini was made a cardinal, June 22, 1896, and 

 he was protector of the theological academy until 

 in November, 1899, he was appointed cardinal 

 vicar for the Roman diocese. 



Johnson, Samuel, an English actor, born in 

 Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1831; died in London, Feb. 

 15, 1900. He was a son of an actor and manager 

 of the same name, well known in Scotland in the 



