538 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (SCBNADHORST SMYTH.) 



dressed as Royal Highness. The duchess won 

 the hearts of the Coburgers by her manifold char- 

 ity. It was a sad disappointment to the ducal 

 pair when their son died, Feb. 6, 189!). The Duke 

 of Saxe-Coburg was attacked by cancer of the 

 tongue, but died from heart weakness without 

 knowing what the malady was that undermined 

 his health. His heir is the youthful Duke of 

 Albany, the posthumous child of Prince Leopold, 

 youngest son of Queen Victoria, who has received 

 a military education at Potsdam to prepare him 

 for the duties of a German prince, which he will 

 not take up before 1905, the hereditary Prince of 

 Hohenlohe-Leiningen being regent so long as he 

 is a minor. 



Schnadhorst. Francis, an English politician, 

 born in Birmingham, Aug. 24, 1840; died in Roe- 

 hampton, Jan. 2, 1900. He was educated in King 

 Edward NTs grammar school in Birmingham, 

 .succeeded to his father's business as a draper and 

 hosier, interested himself in local literary and 

 educational societies, and later in politics, organ- 

 ized in 1870 the nonconformist committee that 

 fought the subventioning of Church schools, and 

 in 1873 the Birmingham Liberal Association on 

 the system of the American primaries, which se- 

 cured the defeat of the Conservatives in the town 

 elections and made Joseph Chamberlain mayor. 

 The caucus system was next applied to national 

 politics, with the result that the Liberals car- 

 ried Birmingham in the parliamentary election 

 of 1874, in which the Conservatives swept the 

 country. The Liberals therefore called upon 

 Mr. Schnadhorst to teach his plan of organiza- 

 tion to other politicians, and when more than 

 a hundred such associations united in the Na- 

 tional Liberal Federation he, with Mr. Cham- 

 berlain at his back, was its organizer and secre- 

 tary. The introduction of popular party man- 

 agement infused new life into the Liberals, who 

 were victorious in the general election of 1880. 

 The new system could not be preserved in its 

 purity, and after the desertion of Mr. Chamber- 

 lain and the gradual breakdown of Mr. Schnad- 

 horst's health the Liberal Federation lost much 

 of its independence and influence, while the 

 Unionists adopted with successful results some of 

 its features and formed closer popular organiza- 

 tions than the Liberals still maintained. 



Sedille, Paul, a French architect and painter, 

 born in Paris in 1836; died there, Jan. 6, 1900. He 

 entered the Illcole des Beaux Arts as a student in 

 1857, and in 1878 was the laureate of the grand 

 medal of the Societe Centrale, awarded for ex- 

 cellence in private architecture. Among his 

 works are the great department store at Paris, 

 Au Printenips, and the basilica of Jeanne d'Arc 

 at Domremy. He exhibited many paintings from 

 year to year, and wrote extensively on profes- 

 sional topics. 



Shuttle-worth, Henry Gary, an English 

 ctavynuui, born Oct. 25, 1850; died in London, 

 England, Oct. 24, 1900. He was the son of a 

 ( oniisli clergyman, and was educated at Oxford, 

 lie was ordained curate of St. Barnabas's parish, 

 Oxford, and in 1874 became a minor canon of 

 Oxford Cathedral. From 1876 to 1884 he was a 

 minor canon of St. Paul's, London, resigning in 

 the last-named year to accept the chapter living 

 of St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, London, the repre- 

 sentative ot six united city parishes. With the 

 doign of making his church in Queen Victoria 

 Street of the most practical benefit to the work- 

 ing community in which it was situated, he 

 opened it daily and had midday services, musical 

 and devotional, with addresses on all kinds of sub- 

 jects, "from Dante to Dickens, and from sanita- 



tion to socialism." He drew a large Sunday con- 

 gregation also, and on Sunday evenings he him- 

 self conducted a large volunteer choir through a 

 series of oratorios. He much disliked the so- 

 called " imprecatory psalms," and was accus- 

 tomed to omit reading them whenever they oc- 

 curred in the service, until requested not to do 

 so by the Bishop of London, the year before his 

 death. About 1890 he founded the Shuttleworth 

 Club for the benefit of employees in the city 

 warehouses. In politics he was a pronounced 

 Liberal and thoroughly devoted to the cause of 

 Christian socialism. His writings include The 

 Seven Last Words of Our Saviour (Oxford, 1879) ; 

 Songs (1885); The English Church and the New 

 Democracy (London, 1885) ; Contemporary Fic- 

 tion (1888); The Place of Music in Public Wor- 

 ship (1892); Some Aspects of Disestablishment 

 (1894); Hymns for Private Use (1895). 



Sidgwick, Henry, an English philosopher, 

 born in Skipton, Yorkshire, May 31, 1838; died 

 in Witham, Aug. 28, 1900. He came of a family 

 of scholars, and had a brilliant career at Cam- 

 bridge. He became a fellow of his college in 

 1859, but resigned ten years later because the ten- 

 ure of his fellowship implied conformity to theo- 

 logical propositions to which he could not longer 

 subscribe. After being lecturer at Cambridge 

 from 1859 to 1875, he was made prelector of 

 moral philosophy in the latter year, and pro- 

 fessor of the same in 1883. On account of failing 

 health he resigned his professorship not long be- 

 fore his death. Sidgwick exerted a deep influ- 

 ence upon his generation, not only as a search- 

 ing critic who dispelled the indifference that hud 

 hitherto prevailed in relation to English philoso- 

 phy, but as a zealous advocate of the higher edu- 

 cation of women. His personal character won for 

 him a wide circle of friends, and those who cared 

 little for his subtle reasoning were attracted by 

 his intellectual sincerity and stimulating con- 

 verse. His principal works are The Methods of 

 Ethics (London, 1874) ; The Principles of Politi- 

 cal Economy (1883); and The Elements of Poli- 

 tics (1891). Besides innumerable contributions 

 to reviews and magazines, he published also The 

 Ethics of Conformity and Subscription (1870); 

 The Scope and Methods of Economic Science 

 (1885); and Outlines of the History of Ethics. 

 for English Readers (1886). Prof. Sidgwick was 

 for some time President of the Society of l\v- 

 chical Research, and one of the founders of Newn- 

 ham College, Cambridge. He was made honorary 

 fellow of his college in 1881, and received the 

 degree of LL. D. from the universities of Edin- 

 burgh, Glasgow, and St. Andrews, and D. ('. I- 

 from Oxford. 



Smyth. Charles Piazzi, an English astrono- 

 mer, born in Naples, Italy, Jan. 3, 1819: died 

 Feb. 21, 1900. He was the second son of tin 1 

 astronomer and hydrographer Admiral Smyth. 

 and was named Piazzi, after the discoverer i-f 

 Ceres. He was employed in the Observatory at 

 the Cape of Good Hope from 1835, and in 1848 

 was appointed astronomer royal for Scotland, 

 which post he retained till 1888. when ho retired 

 on a pension. To the general public he was l>c-l 

 known by his fantastic speculations conceniin.^ 

 the Great Pyramid, which he had visited and 

 investigated in 1805. In 1871 he began to prepare 

 an exhaustive star catalogue and ephemei is of all 

 the Edinburgh and best contemporary observa- 

 tions of the same stars, which were issued subse- 

 quently in the fourteenth and fifteenth volumes ot 

 the Edinburgh Ohservatorv's publications. After 

 his retirement he devoted much time to solar 

 photographic spectroscopy. He published The 



