OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (STKKVENS STOXE.) 



539 



Great Pyramid and the Royal Society (1874) ; and 

 New Measures of the Great Pyramid (1884). 



Steevens, George Warrington, an English 

 war correspondent, born in London, Dec. 10, 1869; 

 died in Ladysmith, Natal, South Africa, Jan. 16, 

 1900. He was educated at Oxford, and adopted 

 the profession of journalism. His journalistic 

 writing was of the lighter kind, relieved by hu- 

 mor, and \v;is both clever and effective. He ac- 

 companied Kitchener in the last Soudan cam- 

 paign, was the special correspondent of the Daily 

 Mail in 1899 in Jndia, and was with the army in 

 the same capacity in South Africa. He was the 

 author of Monologues of the Dead (1896) ; Naval 

 Policy (1896); Stella's Story, a Venetian Tale 

 (1896) ; The Land of the Dollar (1897) ; With the 

 Conquering Turk (1897); Egypt in 1898 (1898); 

 With Kitchener to Khartoum (1898); In India 

 (1899) ; and The Tragedy of Dreyfus (1899). 



Stevenson, Robert Alan Mowbray, a Scottish 

 art critic, born in Edinburgh, March 25, 1847 ; 

 died April 18, 1900. He was a cousin of Robert 

 Louis Stevenson, the novelist. He was educated 

 at Cambridge, and after leaving the university 

 studied painting with Ortmans at Fontainebleau, 

 and later was a pupil of Carolus Duran. He 

 joined the staff of the Saturday Review as art 

 critic in 1885, and was Professor of Fine Arts at 

 Liverpool University College in 1887-'93. In the 

 last years of his life he was art critic of the Pall 

 Mall Gazette. His only published books are The 

 Devils of Notre Dame (1894) and The Art of 

 Velasquez, a work of abiding value. 



Stewart, Sir Donald, a British soldier, born 

 near Forres, Morayshire, in 1824; died in Al- 

 giers, March 26, 1900. He was descended from a 

 distinguished Highland family, was first sent to 

 school when only four years old, and although 

 not studious, acquired an early acquaintance with 

 the classics. He left Aberdeen University at the 

 age of sixteen to take a cadetship in the Indian 

 army, fought with credit against the tribes on the 

 Afghan border in 1854 and 1855, having then 

 reached the rank of captain, and at the begin- 

 ning of the mutiny made himself famous by car- 

 rying dispatches into Delhi. He served as assist- 

 ant adjutant general to the Delhi field force dur- 

 ing the rest of the campaign, making his mark as 

 a staff officer. Toward the end of 1857 Sir Colin 

 Campbell, when marching to the relief of Luck- 

 now, made him assistant adjutant general of the 

 Bengal army, and after the mutiny he was pro- 

 moted to be lieutenant colonel, and retained on 

 the staff' as assistant adjutant general till 1862, 

 and then deputy adjutant general till 1867, being 

 promoted colonel in 1863. He had much to do 

 wi1 li the formation of the new Bengal army which 

 replaced the one that had mutinied. In 1867, as 

 brigadier general in command of the contingent 

 of the Bengal army sent to co-operate with Sir 

 Robert Napier in Abyssinia, he performed impor- 

 tant services, and was made a major general. He 

 commanded the frontier division of Peshawar 

 which held open the Khaibar pass in 1868. In 

 1871 he was sent by Lord Mayo to organize the 

 convict settlements of the Andaman Islands into 

 self-supporting industrial colonies, which he ac- 

 complished, although one of the incidents of the 

 transformation was the murder of the Viceroy by 

 a convict. After taking a vacation for his health 

 he returned to India in 1875. commanded the 

 Lahore division, and in 1878 was placed in com- 

 mand of the Kandahar field force, with which 

 lie advanced through the Bolak and Khojak 

 passes, dispersed the Afghans at Saifuddin, and 

 captured Kandahar. In consequence of the mur- 

 der of Sir Louis Cavagnari he was sent with an 



army of 5,000 men against Kabul. He won the 

 battle of Ahmud Khel with his artillery, captured 

 the Afghan capital, and exercised supreme mili- 

 tary and civil power in Afghanistan until he was 

 ordered by the Indian Government to evacuate 

 the country, which he accomplished by sending 

 one division under Gen. Roberts back to Kanda- 

 har and leading the rest of the army through the 

 Khaibar pass. He was knighted for his services, 

 and in 1880 was appointed military member of the 

 Viceroy's Council. In 1881 he was created a 

 baronet, and succeeded Sir Frederick Haines as 

 commander in chief of the Indian army. He 

 planned and initiated the system of defenses by 

 which the whole northwest frontier was brought 

 under command of a strategic series of military 

 railroads and roads connecting fortifications with 

 fortified camps and supply bases, the policy that 

 was carried out by his successor, Lord Roberts of 

 Kandahar. The campaign in Burmah ending with 

 the occupation of Mandalay and the annexation 

 of Thebaw's kingdom was fought under his su- 

 preme command, and he secured the increase of 

 the army in India by 10,500 British and 21,000 

 native troops. His promotion to lieutenant gen- 

 eral was in 1877, to general in 1881. He laid 

 down the command in 1885 and returned to Eng- 

 land, and was a member of the council of the Sec- 

 retary of State for India till his death, and from 

 1895 governor of Chelsea Hospital, having in the 

 preceding year received the baton of a field 

 marshal. 



Stokes, Margaret McNair, an Irish archaeolo- 

 gist, born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1832; died in 

 Howth, Sept. 20, 1900. She was a daughter of the 

 late Dr. William Stokes, and sister of Sir William 

 Stokes, mentioned below. In 1867 she accom- 

 panied her father in an archaeological tour con- 

 ducted by the Earl of Dunraven through Galway, 

 Sligo, and the Isle of Arran, the results of which 

 appear in the earl's Notes on Irish Architecture, 

 left unfinished at his death, but completed and 

 edited by Miss Stokes. She subsequently traveled 

 in Italy and France, and the record of her in- 

 vestigations there will be found in her Six Months 

 in the Apennines: A Pilgrimage in Search of the 

 Vestiges of Irish Saints (1892) and Three 

 Months in the Forests of France (1895). Other 

 works of hers are Early Christian Architecture in 

 Ireland (1876); Early Christian Art in Ireland 

 (1887); Notes on the Cross of Cong; The High 

 Crosses of Castledermot and Durrow (1900). She 

 also edited Christian Inscriptions in the Irish 

 Language (187278). 



Stokes, Sir William, an Irish surgeon, born in 

 Dublin, March 10, 1839; died at Pietermaritzburg, 

 Natal, South Africa, Aug. 18, 1900. He was the 

 second son of William Stokes, Professor of Medi- 

 cine in the University of Dublin, and received his 

 education at the Royal School. Armagh, at Trin- 

 ity College, Dublin, and at medical schools in 

 Berlin, Vienna, Paris, and London. He had been 

 in active practice from 1863, and was knighted in 

 1886. He was president of the Royal College of 

 Surgeons in Ireland in the last-named year, and 

 had been surgeon in ordinary to the Queen in Ire- 

 land from 1892. Two months after the outbreak 

 of the Transvaal War in 1899 he was nominated 

 surgeon to the South African forces. He was the 

 author of The Altered Relations of Surgery to 

 Medicine (1888) and a life of his father (1898). 



Stone, Samuel John, an English clergyman 

 and hymn writer, born in Whitmore, Stafford- 

 shire, April 25, 1839; died in London, Nov. 19, 

 1900. He was educated at Oxford, and took or- 

 ders in 1862. For the next eight years he was 

 a curate at Windsor, and for the twenty years 



