590 



PORTUGAL. 



imports of live animals were 3,141,986 milreis in 

 value, and exports 3,350,508 milreis; imports of 

 ra\v materials 20,155,307 milreis, and exports 

 5,109,854 milreis; imports of textiles 5,003,041 

 milreis and exports 2,725,866 milreis; imports of 

 food and drink 13,338,886 milreis, and exports 18,- 

 015,928 milreis; imports of machinery and imple- 

 ments 2,913,336 milreis, and exports 105,111 mil- 

 reis; imports of various manufactures 3,341,521 

 milreis, and exports, 1,820,063; tax on imports, 

 72,861 milreis; total imports of merchandise, 48,- 

 t>2ii.938 milreis; total exports of merchandise, 31,- 

 1-27 .!)!K) milreis; imports of coin and bullion 2,195,- 

 828 milreis, and exports 2,079,175 milreis. Of the 

 particular imports the value of wheat was 3,658,- 

 152 milreis; raw cotton, 3,532,067 milreis; cotton 

 goods' and yarn, 2,866,055 milreis; sugar, 2,042,- 

 165 milreis; codfish, 1,193,818 milreis; coal, 1,873,- 

 192 milreis; iron, 1,335,508 milreis; cattle, 1,219,- 

 317 milreis; leather and hides, 1,193,818 milreis; 

 wool, 1,149,837 milreis; woolen goods and yarn, 

 1.025,665 milreis; coffee, 670,589 milreis; leaf 

 tobacco, 467,813 milreis. The wine exported in 

 1898 was valued at 11,480,972 milreis, consisting 

 of 52,402,630 litres of common wine and 34,006,- 

 900 litres of liqueur wine, of which 2,430,150 litres 

 were Madeira and 31,328,410 port. The common 

 wine is shipped mainly to Brazil and Portuguese 

 colonies, the port and Madeira to England. The 

 principal other exports were cork of the value of 

 3,303,273 milreis; cotton goods, shipped to Por- 

 tuguese colonies, 2,347,903 milreis; sardines, 

 1,523,706 milreis; copper ore, 706,096 milreis; cat- 

 tle, 050,142 milreis; olive oil, 511,487 milreis; 

 almonds, 482,076 milreis; figs, 396,087 milreis; 

 horses, 308,493 milreis; eggs, 342,900 milreis; 

 tunny fish, 291,098 milreis; onions, 203,829 mil- 

 reis; pineapples, 241,413 milreis. Of the total 

 value of imports 32 per cent, came from Great 

 Britain, 14 per cent, from the United States, 14 

 per cent, from Germany, 10 per cent, from France, 

 9 per cent, from Spain, and 21 per cent, from other 

 countries; of the total exports 28 per cent, went 

 to Great Britain, 20 per cent, to Brazil, 16 per 

 cent, to Portuguese colonies, 13 per cent, to 

 Spain, and 23 per cent, to other countries. Of all 

 the wines imported by Great Britain in 1898, the 

 wines of Portugal formed 24.6 per cent, of the 

 quantity and 21.6 per cent, of the total value. 



Navigation. The number of vessels in the 

 foreign trade entered at Portuguese ports during 

 189S was 6,525, of 8,923,129 tons; cleared, 6,502, 

 of 8,981,434 tons. Of the number entered, 4,182, 

 of 6,113,127 tons, had cargoes; of those cleared, 

 5,160, of 7,187,090 tons, had cargoes. In the coast- 

 ing trade, 4,309 vessels, of 1,363,197 tons, were 

 entered and 4,217, of 1,298,055 tons, cleared. 



The commercial marine on Jan. 1, 1899, com- 

 prised 63 steamers, of 60,000 tons, and 573 sailing 

 vessels, of 69,522 tons, inclusive of vessels in the 

 colonies. 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. There 

 were 1,464 miles of railroad in operation in 1898, 

 of which the Government owned 507 miles. The 

 number of passengers carried in that year was 

 11,384,737; tons of freight, 2.034,003; net receipts, 

 3,377,835 milreis. The length 'of telegraph lines 

 was 4,584 miles, with 9,475 miles of wire. The 

 number of telegrams sent in 1898 was 1.272.042 

 in the internal and 1,065,309 in the international 

 service. 



The number of letters, newspapers, etc., for- 

 warded through the post office during 1898 was 

 55,201,810 internal and 10,202,493 foreign and 

 colonial. 



Politics. The derangement of the Portuguese 

 finances and the measures adopted to meet the 



PRESBYTERIANS. 



obligations of the Government have caused wide- 

 spread discontent without loosening the control 

 of the Government over the electorate, which re- 

 turned the usual loyal majority in the elections 

 of November, 1899, although the Opposition was 

 less submissive in character and included three 

 Republicans from Oporto. Republicanism has 

 gained many adherents, especially among the 

 working classes. When the Cortes met on Jan. 2, 

 1900, the Government could boast of the success 

 of a military expedition over the tribes in northern 

 Mozambique that make Portuguese territory a 

 base for raids upon the British semicivilized na- 

 tives of Nyasaland. The financial proposals of the 

 Government involved an increase in taxation. A 

 proposal of Ferreira Almeida to sell certain col- 

 onies in order to relieve the financial embarrass- 

 ment was rejected by a majority of 64 votes after 

 a statement of the Ministry of Marine that the 

 Government would maintain the integrity of the 

 colonial territory. A meeting of Republicans in 

 Oporto to protest against this and against the 

 passage of British troops through Portuguese terri- 

 tory in South Africa to operate against the Boers 

 was dissolved by the authorities. The Progressist 

 ministry retired on June 21, having incurred the 

 King's displeasure bysubmitting a measure attack- 

 ing hereditary right, meant to apply to the peerage 

 only, but not expressly restricted to that, which 

 gave Prof. Affonso Costa, of the University of 

 Coimbra, one of the Republican Deputies, an op- 

 portunity to discuss the conditions of the exclusion 

 of the heir to the throne from the succession and 

 the consequences that would arise. Senhor Ribeiro, 

 the Conservative leader, formed a Cabinet on -June 

 23, as follows: Premier and Minister of the In- 

 terior, Hintze Ribeiro; Minister of Foreign Affairs, 

 Senhor Joarroyo; Minister of Finance, Anselmo 

 Andrade; Minister of Justice, Campos Henriquea; 

 Minister of War, Pimentel Pinto; Minister of 

 Marine, Teixeira Sousa ; Minister of Public Works. 

 Pereira Santos. The new Cabinet announced that 

 it would watch attentively over colonial affairs, 

 and would seek by means of reciprocal treaties to 

 further Portuguese products in foreign market*: 

 that it would also accomplish in their integrity 

 the engagements made with the creditors of the 

 state according to the law of May 20, 1893. In 

 November new elections were held. The chief 

 Republican paper was suppressed and the Govern- 

 ment wrested all three Oporto seats from the l!e 

 publicans. The results gave the Ministerial party 

 90 seats, the Opposition 28, and Independents 9. 



PRESBYTERIANS. I. Presbyterian Church 

 in the United States of America. The follow- 

 ing exhibit of the statistics of this Church is f: 

 the Comparative Summary by W. H. Roberi 

 stated clerk, published with the journal of the 

 General Assembly for 1900: Number of synods. 

 32; of presbyteries, 232; of churches, 7,750: of 

 ministers. 7,467; of candidates, 973; of licentiates. 

 380; of elders, 28.005; of deacons. !).S9.");.of com- 

 municants, 1,007,689; of members of Sun< 

 schools, 1,058.051; of members added on exami 

 tion during the year, 57,183; of baptisms. 21. 620 

 of adulta and 26,253 of infants; of churches 

 organi/ed, 105; of ordinations of ministers, 286. 

 Amount of contributions: For home missions. 

 $1,088,307; for foreign missions. $822,811: for 

 education, $117.139; for Sabbath-school \\ork. 

 $117,702; for church erection. $115.852: for HIP 

 Relief fund, $97.055; for the freedmen, $161.537 

 for synodical aid. $91,551: for aid for colic: 

 $213,731; for the General Assembly, etc.. $79.83 

 for congregational purposes, $11,372,283; m 

 cellanoons contributions. $770.330. 



The Board of Home Missions reported to t 



