620 



ROOSEVELT, THEODORE. 



ROUMASIA. 



taken with the regulars to Porto Rico because 

 they were " as good as any regulars, and three 

 times as good as any State troops " that were 

 " armed with black powder, Springfields, or other 

 archaic weapons." The Secretary likewise pub- 

 lished hi.s own reply : " I suggest that, unless you 

 want to spoil the effects and glory of your vic- 

 tory, you make no invidious comparisons." This 

 \\a- considered an attempt to prejudice the Na- 

 tional Guardsmen against the colonel, and was 

 used in subsequent political campaigns. The let- 

 ter was generally interpreted, however, not as a 

 reflection on the volunteer soldiers, but merely 

 as an impulsive statement of the truth concern- 

 ing the comparative inefficiency of the weapons 

 with which they were armed. 



( ol. Roosevelt returned with his regiment to 

 Montauk Point in August, 1898, was nominated for 

 Governor of New York by the Republicans at 

 Saratoga, Sept. 27, 1898, and was elected for the 

 two years' term beginning Jan. 1, 1899, by a 

 plurality of 17,780 over Augustus Van Wyck, 

 Democrat. As Governor he reformed the admin- 

 istration of the canals, favored the enactment 

 of an improved civil service law, and applied the 

 merit system in county offices. By a special mes- 

 sage he induced the Legislature of 1899, at the 

 end of the session, to pass an act taxing as real 

 estate the value of railroad and other franchises 

 to use public streets. Corporations and Repub- 

 lican leaders protested, but the Governor said he 

 would sign it as it stood unless they could im- 

 prove it without destroying its essential features. 

 He called an extra session of the Legislature, 

 secured the passage of the bill in modified form, 

 and established the principle of street-franchise 

 taxation. 



Columbia University made Gov. Roosevelt a 

 doctor of laws in 1899. Early in 1900 he was 

 mentioned for Vice-President, but he desired a 

 second term as Governor, and repeatedly an- 

 nounced that under no circumstances would he 

 accept the vice-presidency. The New York party 

 leaders, however, did not want him to be a candi- 

 date again for Governor, and, though pledged to 

 respect his wishes, they joined Western delegates 

 who were enthusiastic over Gov. Roosevelt's mili- 

 tary record, and at the Philadelphia convention 

 on June 21, 1900, forced him to accept the nomi- 

 nation for Vice-President. He made an extended 

 speaking tour through the Western States, and 

 was elected for the term beginning March 4, 

 1901, receiving 292 electoral votes, while 155 were 

 cast for Adlai E. Stevenson, the Democratic can- 

 didate. 



In 1882 Mr. Roosevelt published a Naval His- 

 tory of 1812. This was followed by Hunting 

 Trips of a Ranchman, in 1885; a Life of Thomas 

 II. Kenton, in 1880, and a Life of Gouverneur 

 Morris, in 1SS7. both in the American Statesmen 

 Series; and in 1888 by Essays in Practical Poli- 

 tics and Ranch Life and Hunting Trail. The 

 first two volumes of his most important work. 

 The Winning of the West, were issued in 1889. 

 In 1890 he wrote a History of New York City, 

 for the Historic Towns Series; in 1893, The Wil- 

 derness Hunter; and the next year published the 

 third volume of The Winning of the West. In 

 1H97 he collected a volume of essays entitled 

 American Ideals, which he followed with The 

 Rough Riders in 1899, and Oliver Cromwell and a 

 volume of addresses entitled The Strenuous Life, in 

 I! 11 "). He is also the author, in collaboration with 

 Henry Cabot Lodge, of Hero Tales from Ameri- 

 can History, and lie was one of the assistants of 

 William Laird Clowes in the preparation of The 

 Royal Xavy. 



ROUMANIA, a kingdom in eastern Europe. 

 The legislative power is vested in a Senate of 120 

 members, of whom 109 are elected by two cl;t--cs 

 of property holders, 2 by the universities, S are 

 bishops, and 1 is the heir to the throne, and a 

 Chamber of Deputies, containing 183 members. 

 elected for four years by all taxpayers, divided 

 into three classes. The reigning King is Carol I. 

 born April 20, 1830, a son of Prince Karl of 

 Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, elected Domn of lion- 

 mania in 1800, and proclaimed King on March 2ii. 

 1881. The Cabinet, constituted April 23, IS'.MI. 

 was composed in the beginning of 1900 as follow-: 

 President of the Council and Minister of the In- 

 terior, George Cantacuzene; Minister of Finance. 

 Gen. G. Mano; Minister of War, Gen. Jacob Laho- 

 vary: Minister of Education, Take Jonesco; Min- 

 ister of Justice, C. G. Dissesco; Minister of Agri- 

 culture, Industry, Commerce, and Domain-. \. 

 Fleva; Minister of Foreign Affairs, J. N. Laho- 

 vary; Minister of Public Works, Dr. C. I. Istrati. 



Area and Population. The area of Ron- 

 mania is 48,307 square miles, with a population 

 of 5,800,000, including 200,000 in the Dobrudja. 

 The people of Roumanian race number a limit 

 4,950,000 in the old provinces of Wallachia and 

 Moldavia and 90,000 in the Dobrudja. There are 

 about 300,000 Jews, 200,000 gypsies, 50,000 Bul- 

 garians, 38,000 Austrians, 20,000 Germans, 20.000 

 Greeks, 15,000 Armenians, and 7,000 French, Hun 

 garians, English, Italians, Turks, Poles, and others 

 in the original provinces, and 40,000 Bulgarian*. 

 30,000 Turks, 20,000 Russian sectarians.' IO.OIIM 

 Greeks, 4,000 Jews, 3,000 Germans, and :;.oim 

 others in the Dobrudja. Education is free and is 

 compulsory where schools exist, but for the rural 

 population there are not half enough schools. The 

 rural primary schools had 4,078 teachers and 

 220,420 scholars in 1897, the urban schools 1.333 

 teachers and 77,803 scholars, including l.~>.t;.~>!> in 

 private schools. There are 8 normal schools, with 

 770 students; 52 secondary and high schools, with 

 1,143 teachers and 18,9G9*pupils; and the univer- 

 sities of Bucharest and Jassy, with 110 profe-sors 

 and 1,050 students. The state maintains b 

 special schools for agriculture, engineering, etc. 

 The sum appropriated for primary instruction in 

 1890 was 9,140,527 lei, and for secondary instruc- 

 tion 5,970,942 lei. 



Finances. The revenue for the year ending 

 March 31, 1899, was 221,935.017 lei. 'and t! 

 penditure 200,042,202 lei. For the financial year 

 1900 the estimates were 228.370.000 lei of revenue 

 and of expenditure. For the year ending March 

 31, 1901, the budget estimate of revenue is 242,- 

 599,000 lei, of which 41.450.000 lei arc derived from 

 direct taxes, 70,200.000 lei from indirect 

 55,200,000 lei from state monopolies. 23.772.' 

 from the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry. 

 merce, and Domains. 10,492,000 lei from the 

 istry of Public Works, 11,385.000 lei from the 

 istry of the Interior, 4,090,000 lei from the Mi 

 try of Finance. 1.113,000 lei from the Mini 

 of' War, 200.000 lei from the Ministrv of In-t 

 tion and Worship. 280.000 lei from the Mini 

 of Foreign Affairs, 421.000 lei from the Mini 

 of Justice, and 11,200.000 lei from various sou 

 The estimate of expenditure for 1901 is a No 

 .V.l'.i.dix) lei. of which 91.933,592 lei are for t 

 public debt. 71.300 lei for the Council of Min, 

 50,240,009 lei for the Ministry of War. 29.4 l5.7!'-- 

 Ici for the Ministry of Finance. 30.90i).:!7l lei \r 

 the Ministry of Worship and Public Instruction. 

 1 !..V>(5. 7S5 lei for the Ministry of the Interior. 

 5.300.000 lei for the Ministry 'of Public Works 

 8,710.05(5 lei for the Ministry of Justice. :..ot::.:! 

 lei for the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry. Coin 



