SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



663 



kroner for extraordinary outlay purposes, the 

 latter including 5,158,900 kroner for the construc- 

 tion of railroads, 4,528,600 kroner for the army, 

 3,248,000 kroner for the navy, and 2,0(59,400 kro- 

 ner for other purposes; total disbursements, 88,- 

 924,300 kroner. Of the ordinary expenditures 

 488,400 kroner were for the civil list; 814,900 kro- 

 ner for the Storthing; 1,394,700 kroner for the 

 Council of State and the Ministries ; 8,608,800 

 kroner for worship and public instruction, of 

 which 7,718,600 kroner were expended on the uni- 

 versity, schools, and worship, and 890,200 kroner 

 for other purposes; 6,789,400 kroner for justice, 

 police, and sanitary service, of which 913,600 

 kroner went for the police and prisons, 2,894,200 

 kroner for the public health, and 2,981,600 kroner 

 for other expenses; 3,498,900 kroner for the Inte- 

 rior Department, including 260,600 kroner for ad- 

 ministration, 1,513,000 kroner for agriculture and 

 stock breeding, 310,200 kroner for fisheries, 55,600 

 kroner for industry and commerce, 432,500 kroner 

 for forests, and 927,000 kroner for other purposes; 

 23,957,000 kroner for public works, of which 

 4,361,000 kroner were for the post office, 3,139,900 

 kroner for telegraphs, 1,163,200 kroner for sub- 

 ventions for communications, 11,981,100 kroner 

 for the operation of railroads, 2,515,600 kroner 

 for roads, bridges, and canals, 791,200 kroner for 

 ports, and 4,400 kroner for other purposes; 11,- 

 859,300 kroner for finance, including 1,842,000 

 kroner for customhouses, 606,400 kroner for silver 

 mines, 2,502,100 kroner for amortization, 5,032,- 

 400 kroner for interest, 749,900 kroner for pensions, 

 and 1,126,500 kroner for other expenses; 10,335,500 

 kroner for the army, of which 10,050,700 kroner 

 were for the maintenance of the army and 284,800 

 kroner for triangulation ; 5,357,100 kroner for the 

 marine, of which 4,252,500 kroner went for the 

 navy and 1,104,600 kroner for lighthouses and 

 ports; 665.300 kroner for foreign affairs; and 150,- 

 100 kroner for accidental expenses. 



The public debt on June 30, 1899, amounted to 

 198,549,100 kroner, comprising 245,500 kroner of 

 old obligations, 29,941,000 kroner borrowed in 

 1886 at 3i per cent., 61,935,100 kroner of the 3- 

 per-cent. loan of 1888, 9,570,700 kroner borrowed 

 at 4 per cent, in 1892, 33,661,000 kroner raised in 

 1894 at 3| per cent., 800,000 kroner of 5-per-cent. 

 bonds issued for the construction of a railroad 

 from Drammcn to Randsfjord, 11,313,400 kroner 

 of the 3A-per-cent. loan of 1895, 25,242,400 kroner 

 borrowed in 1896 at 3 per cent., and 20,880,000 

 kroner borrowed in 1898 at 3i per cent. The Gov- 

 ernment possesses 46,690,600 kroner of active 

 capital funds, 18,633,900 kroner of cash and ar- 

 rears to collect, and railroads valued at 111,143,- 

 500 kroner; total assets, 166.468.000 kroner. 



The Army and Navy. Military service is ob- 

 ligatory according to the law of June 16, 1885, 

 nominally for six years in the active army, but it 

 '3 confined to a course of instruction in the first 

 ear lasting forty-eight days for infantry, sixty 

 ays for engineers, eighty days for field artillery, 

 and ninety days for cavalry, followed by twenty- 

 four days of exercise with the Landwehr, and the 

 same amount of practice annually for two or 

 three years. The strength of the active army is 

 about 900 officers and 30,000 noncommissioned 

 officers and men, and these can be supplemented 

 by 800 or more officers and 50,000 men from the 

 Landwehr and Landsturm. 



The fleet in 1900 comprised 4 armor clads built 

 since 1897, 4 old monitors, 3 first-class and 8 

 second-class gunboats, 1 torpedo dispatch boat, 

 and 8 first-class and 17 second-class torpedo craft. 



fe coast-defense turret ships, all built in Bug- 

 id, are powerful for their size. The Harold 



Haarfager and Tordenskjold, of 3,500 tons each, 

 have a curved armored deck as well as a 7- 

 inch belt and Harveyized armor on the barbettes, 

 and carry quick-firing guns only, 2 of 8.2-inch 

 bore, 6 of 4.7-inch, 6 3-inch, and 6 smaller onea; 

 their speed is 17.2 knots. The Xprge and Eidsvold, 

 displacing 4,000 tons, have their smaller guns in 

 casemates of 6-inch armor. By the law of 1892 

 all Norwegian sailors are required to go through 

 seventy days of training for the naval service. 

 There are 110 officers in active service, 60 in the 

 reserve, and about 700 petty officers and enlisted 

 seamen. 



Navigation. The number of vessels entered 

 at the ports of Norway during 1899 was 14,456, 

 of 3,140,169 tons, of which 6,573, of 1,961,290 

 tons, were with cargoes, and 7,883, of 1,178,879 

 tons, were in ballast; the total number cleared 

 was 14,445, of 3,157,227 tons, of which 13,216, of 

 2,636,120 tons, were with cargoes, and 1,229, of 

 521,107 tons, in ballast. Of the total number 

 entered 7,191, of 2,085,730 tons, were Norwegian 

 and 7,265, of 1,054,439 tons, foreign; of the total 

 number cleared 7,235, of 2,111,528 tons, were Nor- 

 wegian, and 7,210, of 1,045,699 tons, foreign. 



The merchant navy on Jan. 1, 1899, comprised 

 5,981 sailing vessels, of 1,120,808 tons, and 1,068 

 steamers, of 437,570 tons; on Jan. 1, 1900, 5,698 

 sailing vessels, of 1,052,687 tons, and 1,128 steam- 

 ers, of 482,247 tons. 



Commerce and Production. The exports of 

 rough lumber in 1898 were valued at 40,133,300 

 kroner, and of worked lumber at 18,493,800 kro- 

 ner. Breadstuffs were imported to the amount 

 of 45,061,000 kroner, butter for 737,400 kroner, 

 and 7,505,500 kroner worth of meat and bacon. 

 The mine products in 1897 were valued at 3,480,- 

 000 kroner, and furnace products at 1,432,000 kro- 

 ner. The catch of cod in 1897 was valued at 12,- 

 429,507 kroner; of herring, 7,954,025 kroner; of 

 mackerel, 247,198 kroner; of salmon and sea 

 trout, 1,090,490 kroner; other fish, 3,026,879 kro- 

 ner; lobsters, 450,744 kroner. 



The total value of imports in 1899 was 310,- 

 485,000 kroner, and of exports 159,387,000 kroner. 

 Imports of cereals were 51,700,000 kroner, and ex- 

 ports 600,000 kroner; imports of fermented 

 liquors 7,400,000 kroner, and exports 400,000 kro- 

 ner; imports of colonial produce 21,300,000 kro- 

 ner, and exports 400,000 kroner; imports of ani- 

 mals and animal food products 16,000,000 kroner, 

 and exports 54,300,000 kroner; imports of coal 

 24,000,000 kroner, and exports 100,000 kroner; 

 imports of metals 13,800,000 kroner, and exports 

 2,300,000 kroner; imports of hides and leather 

 10,100,000 kroner, and exports 6,300,000 kroner; 

 imports of textile materials 6,200,000 kroner and 

 exports 300,000 kroner; imports of timber 6,400,- 

 000 kroner, and exports 39,600,000 kroner; im- 

 ports of minerals 7,200,000 kroner, and exports 

 4.600,000 kroner; imports of metal manufactures 

 28,300,000 kroner, and exports 2,100,000 kroner; 

 imports of cloth 36,300,000 kroner, and exports 

 700,000 kroner ; imports of paper and paper manu- 

 factures 2,700,000 kroner, and exports 9,100,000 

 kroner; imports of leather goods 1,700,000 kro- 

 ner, and exports 200.000 kroner; imports of wood 

 manufactures 3,400,000 kroner, and exports 21,- 

 900,000 kroner; imports of drugs and colors 2,100,- 

 000 kroner, and exports 200,000 kroner; imports 

 of oils 16,100.000 kroner, and exports 6,200,000 

 kroner ; imports of miscellaneous merchandise 50,- 

 200,000 kroner, and exports 16,400,000 kroner. 

 The total imports of alimentary substances were 

 102,000,000 kroner, and exports 55,800,000 kroner; 

 total imports of raw materials 67,700,000 kroner, 

 and exports 58,200,000 kroner; total imports of 



