SWITZERLAND. 



665 



ot 



: 



98,113; of deaths, 58,052; excess of births, 40,061. 

 The number of emigrants over sea in 1899 was 

 2,493, of whom 2,168 emigrated to the United 

 States, 3 to Central America, 266 to South America, 

 9 to Australia, 10 to Asia, and 37 to Africa. The 

 emigration in 1898 was 2,288; in 1897, 2,508; in 

 1896, 3,330; in 1895, 4,268; in 1894, 3,849; in 1893, 

 6,177. The population of Zurich in the middle 

 of 1900 was 165,689 ; of Basel, 106,433 ; of Geneva, 

 92,969. 



Finances. The revenue of the Federal Govern- 

 ment in 1899 amounted to 100,476,336 francs, of 

 which 665,048 francs were derived from real prop- 

 erty; 2,015,443 francs from invested capital; 66,- 

 273 francs from the general administration ; 34,383 

 francs from the Political Department; 522,285 

 francs from the Department of the Interior, Jus- 

 tice, and Police; 3,164,540 francs from the Military 

 Department; 51,316,600 francs from the Depart- 

 ment of Finance and Customs, of which 224,846 

 francs came from bank notes and 51,091,754 francs 

 from customs ; 378,509 francs from the Department 

 of Industry and Agriculture; 42,296,310 francs 

 from the Department of Posts and Railroads, of 

 which 33,977,310 francs came from the post office, 

 8,072,100 francs from telegraphs and telephones, 

 and 246,900 francs from railroads; and 16,945 

 francs were accidental receipts. The total expendi- 

 tures in 1899 amounted to 98,052,644 francs, leav- 

 ing a surplus of 2,423,692 francs. Of the expendi- 

 tures, 4,248,118 francs were for interest on the 

 public debt and amortization; 1,108,281 francs for 

 the general administration, of which 217,247 francs 

 were for the National Assembly, 26,666 francs for 

 the States Council, 84,960 francs for the Federal 

 Council, 427,611 francs for the Federal Chancel- 

 lery, and 351,797 francs for the Federal Tribunal; 

 644,428 francs for the Political Department; 13,- 

 826,944 francs for the Department of the Interior, 

 of which 135,428 francs were for the Statistical 

 Bureau, 105,638 francs for the Health Office, 1,018,- 

 389 francs for the polytechnic school, 11,073,003 

 francs for buildings, and 1,494,486 francs for other 

 expenses; 418,943 francs for Justice and Police; 

 27,472,117 francs for the Military Department; 

 4,842.903 francs for the Department of Finance 

 and Customs, of which 347,850 francs were for 

 administration and 4,495,053 francs for collection 

 of customs; 4,622,033 francs for the Department 

 of Industry and Agriculture ; 40,848,874 francs for 

 the Department of Posts and Railroads, of which 

 31,188,874 francs were for the postal service, 9,230,- 

 497 francs for telegraphs and telephones, and 429,- 

 506 francs for railroads; and 20,003 francs were 

 unforeseen expenditures. 



The debt of the federation on Jan. 1, 1900, 

 amounted to 90,039,639 francs, consisting of loans 

 amounting to 69,254,000 francs, 7,556,451 francs 

 for currency reserve, and 13,229,188 francs of 

 other obligations. The assets, including 31,114,001 



;ancs of special funds, amounted to 214,229,175 

 ancs. exceeding the debt by 124,189,536 francs. 

 The Army. From the age of twenty to that 

 _,! thirty-three every Swiss citizen is bound to 

 serve in the Auszug, and from then till he is 

 forty-four years old he belongs to the Landwehr. 

 Service in the Auszug consists in a course of mili- 

 tary instruction lasting two or three months, and 

 afterward an annual drill, for the cavalry lasting 

 ten days, and for the other arms three weeks. 

 ~hose who wish to be exempted must pay 6 francs 

 'or a certificate of release and an annual tax vary- 

 g according to the amount of their fortunes, in 

 e case of some reaching 3,000 francs a year, 

 'he strength of the Auszug on Jan. 1, 1900, was 

 50,876 men ; of the Landwehr, 62,789 men in the 

 t and 24,575 in the second division. 



Commerce and Production. There are about 

 300,000 cultivators in Switzerland who own their 

 land. There were 260,407 quintals of cheese and 

 203,528 quintals of condensed milk exported in 

 1898. The wine from 29,984 hectares of vineyards 

 amounted to 854,762 hectolitres, valued at 40,234,- 

 267 francs. There were 108,969 horses, 4,851 mules 

 and asses, 1,306,696 cattle, 271,901 sheep, 415,817 

 goats, and 566,974 pigs in 1896. The forests cover 

 2,051,670 acres, of which 1,119,270 acres are pro- 

 tected from destruction by the federal authorities. 

 In 1898 there were 8,872,238 trees planted. There 

 are 150 fish hatcheries, which produced 27,636,000 

 fry in 1898. The production of the salt mines was 

 432,187 quintals. The quantity of beer made in 

 267 breweries was 2,118,123 hectolitres. The alco- 

 hol regie sold 66,945 quintals of spirits for drink- 

 ing and 45,021 quintals of medicated spirits. 



The special imports of merchandise in 1899 were 

 1,162,595,000 francs in value, and exports 796,- 

 014,000 francs; the imports of specie were 124,- 

 047,000 francs, and exports 69,653,000 francs, 

 making the total value of imports 1,286,642,000 

 francs, and of exports 865,667,000 francs. The im- 

 portation of raw silk was 162,000,000 francs; of 

 cereals, including flour, 117,100,000 francs; of coal, 

 55,700,000 francs; of woolens, 50,400,000 francs; 

 of iron, 47,500,000 francs; of animals, 47,400,000 

 francs; of precious metals, 43,100,000 francs; of 

 chemical products, 38,800,000 francs; of wine, 

 37,000,000 francs; of cotton goods, 35,600,000 

 francs; of machinery, 34,500,000 francs; of iron 

 manufactures, 30,200,000 francs; of raw cotton, 

 27,700,000 francs; of sugar, 22,500,000 francs; of 

 timber, 22,300,000 francs; of wool, 18,600,000 

 francs; of barley, malt, and hops, 16,800,000 

 francs; of leather, 15,800,000 francs; of building 

 materials, 13,900,000 francs; of coffee, 12,200,000 

 francs; of petroleum, 11,800,000 francs; of books, 

 11,500,000 francs; of eggs, 11,200,000 francs; of silk 

 manufactures, 11,000,000 francs; of linens, 10,- 

 400,000 francs. The exports of silk manufactures 

 in 1899 were 165,600,000 francs in value; of cotton 

 manufactures, 136,200,000 francs; of watches, 113.- 

 500,000 francs ; of machinery, 44,800.000 francs ; of 

 raw silk, 44,000,000 francs; of cheese. 40,200,000 

 francs; of silk yarns, 29,800,000 francs; of chem- 

 ical products, 28,800,000 francs; of milk. 21,300,000 

 francs; of cotton yarns, 18,700,000 francs; of straw 

 goods, 11,200.000 francs; of hides, 10,600,000 

 francs; of animals, 10,400,000 francs; of woolen 

 yarns, 9,500,000 francs; of precious metals, 9,000,000 

 francs; of woolen manufactures, 8,400,000 francs; 

 of jewelry, 7,500,000 francs. 



The values in francs of the merchandise imports 

 from and exports to the different foreign countries 

 in 1899 are given in the following table: 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. The rail- 

 roads in the Swiss repxiblic had a total length on 



