TEXAS. 



TRANSVAAL. 



673 



missioner of the General Land Office, C. A. Otter- 

 bien; Railroad Commissioner, G. B. Harris. The 

 selection of candidates for Attorney-General and 

 Superintendent of Public Instruction was left to 

 the State Executive Committee. A resolution was 

 adopted severing all relations with the national 

 organization because of internal dissensions. The 

 platform approved international socialism and re- 

 ailirmetl the platform of the Indianapolis conven- 

 tion; indorsed the nomination of Eugene V. Debs 

 and Job Harriman for President and Vice-Presi- 

 dent; demanded a law prohibiting the employment 

 of children under sixteen years of age in factories, 

 mines, or at any employment that precludes the 

 fullest opportunity for acquiring an education, and 

 which shall provide for assistance, when necessary, 

 from the public funds to furnish food, clothing, 

 books, and supplies without inflicting the stigma 

 of pauperism; a statute prohibiting the employ- 

 ment of women and .children in all unhealthiul 

 occupations; a statute for rigid inspection of fac- 

 tories, mines, and workshops with reference to the 

 safety and health of the workers ; and that a legal 

 workday shall not exceed eight hours. The plat- 

 form favored the initiative and referendum. 



The second State convention of the People's 

 party assembled in Waco, July 24. Presidential 

 electors at large were nominated, and were in- 

 structed to vote for Barker and Donnelly. The 

 following State ticket was put in nomination: 

 For Governor, J. C. Kearby; Lieutenant Governor, 

 Clarence Nugent; Attorney-General, J. G. Nix; 

 Commissioner of the General Land Office, S. C. 

 Granbury; Treasurer, P. P. Clark; Comptroller, 

 J. S. League; Superintendent of Public Instruc- 

 tion, Reddin Andrews. 



The State Executive Committee was authorized 

 to nominate candidates for judgeships of the higher 

 courts. 



The platform demanded the initiative and refer- 

 endum; abolition of the Railroad Commission; 

 State ownership and operation of transportation 

 so far as necessary to regulate freight rates ; con- 

 struction, ownership, and. operation of the Nicara- 

 gua Canal by the United States; an efficient sys- 

 tem of public schools throughout the State, a 

 change in the scholastic age making it from six 

 to twenty-one years, and free books for the schools, 

 to be furnished by the State; reforms in the judi- 

 cial system of Texas; legislation to secure equi- 

 table taxation and to correct abuses of the fee 

 system. The gubernatorial nomination was de- 

 clined by J. C. Kearby, and T. J. McMinn was 

 made the party's candidate for Governor. 



At the second Democratic State convention, 

 which met at Waco, Aug. 8, these nominations 

 were made for State officers: For Governor, Joseph 

 D. Savers; Lieutenant Governor, J. S. Browning; 

 Attorney-General, Thomas S. Smith ; Comptroller, 

 R. M. Love; Land Commissioner, Charles llogan; 

 Treasurer, John W. Robbins; Railroad Commis- 

 sioner, L. J. Storey; Superintendent of Public In- 

 struction, J. S. Kendall: Associate Justice of the 

 Supreme Court, F. A. Williams; Justice of the 

 Court of Criminal Appeals, John N. Henderson. 



The platform, in addition to indorsing the State 

 administration and the action of the national con- 

 vention at Kansas City, including its nominations 

 for President and Vice-President, contained strong 

 declarations in favor of the party policies for the 

 maintenance of good government in Texas. It 

 approved reasonable efforts to equalize taxation 

 and the just taxing of corporations upon their 

 gross receipts ; impartial enforcement of the State 

 laws, without discrimination against the weak or 

 in favor of the strong; upholding of the railway 

 commission law, of the railway stock and bond 

 VOL. XL. 43 A 



law, and of the alien land law and the corpora- 

 tion land law ; submission by the next Legislature 

 for the action of the people of constitutional 

 amendments to prevent insolvent corporations from 

 doing business in the State, to prevent the use 

 of corporate funds in politics, and to suppress the 

 system of free railroad passes; improvement of 

 the public school system; suppression of moboc- 

 racy and whitecapism ; and the amendment of the 

 primary election law so that every State primary 

 election shall be held in all the counties on the 

 same day in the case of each party, in order to 

 spare the people the annoyance and expense of 

 perpetual political campaigns. 



The Prohibitionists, at their State convention in 

 Dallas, Sept. 14, chose candidates for presidential 

 electors at large, nominated W. K. Homan for 

 Governor and H. G. Damon for Lieutenant Gov- 

 ernor, and adopted a platform declaring everlasting 

 enmity to the liquor traffic, demanding prohibi- 

 tion of the manufacture, importation, or sale of 

 alcohol in every form, and inviting all patriotic 

 citizens to join with the Prohibition party at 

 the polls. 



The second State conventions of the divided Re- 

 publican party were both held in San Antonio, 

 Sept. 18 and 19 respectively, and rival State tick- 

 ets were nominated. The factional troubles were 

 subsequently referred to the Republican National 

 Committee, with the result that the transactions 

 of all the conventions of the two factions were 

 annulled, and new nominations for all offices were 

 made, representing the party in the State at large. 

 Under this adjustment the Republican . State 

 ticket was revised and announced as follows: For 

 Governor, R. E. Hannay; Lieutenant Governor, 

 John B. Schmitz; Attorney-General, Lock Mo- 

 Daniel; Treasurer, C. K. McDowell; Comptroller, 

 Joseph Tweedy; Commissioner of the General 

 Land Office, C. G. Brewster; Superintendent of 

 Public Instruction, David J. Abner, Jr.: Railroad 

 Commissioner, Charles B. Peck; Chief Justice of 

 the Supreme Court, J. M. McCormick; Associate 

 Justice of the Supreme Court, F. B. Stanley; Asso- 

 ciate Justice of the Court of Criminal Appeals, 

 Charles A. Boynton. 



At the election, Nov. 6, the Democrats were suc- 

 cessful with their State and electoral tickets. The 

 presidential vote of the State was divided as fol- 

 lows: Bryan, 267,432; McKinley, 130,641; Barker, 

 20,981; Woolley, 2,644; Debs, 1,846; Malloney, 162. 



TRANSVAAL, or South African Republic, a 

 republic in South Africa, founded by Boers who 

 left Cape Colony and established an independent 

 government in Natal in 1836, and migrated into 

 the interior when that country was annexed by 

 Great Britain. The Transvaal Republic was rec- 

 ognized as independent by Great Britain in 1852. 

 In 1877 it was occupied by British troops and an- 

 nexed to British dominions. In 1880 the Boers ex- 

 pelled the British garrisons, and self-government 

 was restored by the treaty of peace signed on 

 March 21, 1881, the control of foreign relations 

 being reserved to Great Britain as suzerain power. 

 On Feb. 27, 1884, the relations were modified by 

 a new convention, in which Great Britain retained 

 the right to veto within six months of its signa- 

 ture any treaty with a foreign power or a native 

 chief. In October, 1899, war broke out again be- 

 tween the Transvaal and Great Britain: in May. 

 1900, the capital was occupied by British troops; 

 on Sept. 1, 1900, the Republic was declared to be 

 annexed to British dominions under the name of 

 the Transvaal Colony; and on Oct. 25 the annex- 

 ation was formally proclaimed at Pretoria. The 

 Boers did not acknowledge the annexation, and 

 were still in military occupation of a good part 



