UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



691 



to the ratifying vote of the Senate. The Vice- 

 President is President of the Senate, and in case 

 of the death, resignation, or removal of the Pres- 

 ident he succeeds the latter for the remainder of 

 the term. In case of the death or disability of both 

 President and Vice-President, the Secretary of 

 State becomes acting President, and after him 

 other members of the Cabinet in their order. The 

 Senate, sitting as a high court, can remove the 

 President or members of the Cabinet on articles 

 of impeachment presented by the House of Repre- 

 sentatives. The members of the Cabinet, who are 

 the heads of the eight administrative departments, 

 are appointed by the President, as well as all other 

 executive officers, but his appointments must be 

 confirmed by the Senate. The President and Vice- 

 President are chosen by a college of electors, who 

 are chosen in each State in the manner that the 

 Legislature prescribes, which is in every State 

 by popular suffrage, their number being equal 

 to the sum of the Senators and Representa- 

 tives of the State. It is the custom of political 

 parties to nominate in national convention their 

 candidates for the presidency and vice-presidency, 

 and the electors, who are chosen by each State on 

 a collective ticket, are accustomed to vote solidly 

 for the candidates designated by their parties be- 

 forehand. Thus the election of the President and 

 Vice-President has come to be in fact, though not 

 in form, by the direct vote of the nation. The 

 term of the presidency is four years, and elections 

 are held on the Tresday following the first Monday 

 in November of every leap year. The President- 

 elect is sworn into office by the Chief Justice on 

 March 4 of the year after his election. The Pres- 

 ident for the term ending March 4, 1901, was 

 William McKinley, of Ohio, and the Vice-President 

 was Garret A. Hobart, of New Jersey. The Cab- 

 inet at the beginning of 1900 was composed as 

 follows: Secretary of State, John Hay, of the Dis- 

 trict of Columbia; Secretary of the Treasury, 

 Lyman J. Gage, of Illinois; Secretary of War, 

 Elihu Root, of New York; Secretary of the Navy, 

 John Davis Long, of Massachusetts: Postmaster- 

 General, C. Emory Smith, of Pennsylvania; Secre- 

 tary of the Interior, Ethan Allen Hitchcock, of 

 Missouri; Secretary of Agriculture, James Wilson, 

 of Iowa; Attorneys-General, John William Griggs, 

 of New Jersey. 



Area and Population. The area of the States 

 and Territories and their population according to 

 the census of 1900 are given in the table above. 



Excluding the Indians of the Indian Territory, 

 the population is 75,965,397. The population of 

 Hawaii is 154,001, making the total for the States 

 and Territories 76,304,799, not including Porto 

 Rico, Tutuila, Guam, and the Philippine and Sulu 

 Islands, which have an aggregate area of about 

 120,000 square miles and 10,000,000 population. 

 Counting only the land surface, and not inclosed 

 waters, the area of the States and Territories, ex- 

 clusive of Alaska and transmarine possessions, is 

 2,970,038 square miles. Rhode Island has 394.98 

 inhabitants to the square mile; Massachusetts, 

 348.92; New Jersey, 252.67; Connecticut, 187.48; 

 New York. 152.03 \ Pennsylvania, 140.09; Mary- 

 land. 120.69; Ohio, 102; Delaware, 94.25; Illinois, 

 86.10; Indiana, 70.08: Kentucky, 53.68; Tennes- 

 see, 48.40; Virginia, 46.21 ; New Hampshire, 45.71 ; 

 K^'issouri, 45.20; South Carolina, 44.43; Michigan, 

 !.16; Iowa, 40.23; North Carolina, 38.98; West 

 irginia, 38.90; Wisconsin, 38; Vermont. 37.62; 

 eorgia, 37.58; Alabama, 35.48: Mississippi, 33.48; 

 ouisiana, 30.42; Arkansas, 24.73; Hawaii, 23.88; 

 faine, 23.23; Minnesota, 22.11; Kansas. 18s Ne- 

 braska, 13.91; Indian Territory, 12.64; Texas, 

 11.62; Oklahoma, 10.26; Florida^ 9.74; California, 



9.52; Washington, 7.75; South Dakota, 5.23; Col- 

 orado, 5.21; North Dakota, 4.55; Oregon, 4.37; 

 Idaho, 1.92; Montana, 1.67; New Mexico, 1.59; 

 Arizona, 1.09; Wyoming, 0.95; Nevada, 0.39; Alas- 

 ka, 0.11. 



Immigration. The number of immigrants ar- 

 rived in the United States in 1900 was 448,572, 

 against 311,715 in 1899. The total number of 

 arriving passengers in 1900 was 594,478, of whom 

 120,477 were United States citizens returning and 

 25,429 vpre nonimmigrant aliens. The immigra- 

 tion was 22.58 per cent, of the total increase of 

 population in 1900. The total immigration from 

 1821 to 1899 was 19,050,328, of whom 7,014.793 

 were from the British islands, 5,079,362 from Ger- 

 many, 1,252,051 from Sweden and Norway, 1,049,- 

 315 'from British America, 957,783 from Italy. 

 935,885 from Austria-Hungary, 841,828 from Eu- 

 ropean Russia, 403,715 from France, 312,599 from 

 China, 206,380 from Switzerland, 195,662 from 

 Denmark, 132,808 from the Netherlands, 124,261 

 from the West Indies, 69,111 from Spain and Por- 

 tugal, 64,323 from Belgium, 55,015 from Asiatic 

 countries other than China, 35,437 from minor 

 European countries, 33,542 from Australia and 

 Polynesia, 27,544 from Mexico, 14,144 from South 

 America, 2,909 from Central America, and 1,869 

 from Africa. Of the immigrants who arrived in 

 1899. Italy sent 77,419, Austria-Hungary 62,491, 

 Russia 60,982, Croat Britain and Ireland 45,181, 

 Sweden and Norway 19,502, Denmark 2,690, Spain 



