URUGUAY. 



882,670. The census was imperfect, and 8 per 

 cent, is added for omissions in the official esti- 

 mate of population, making the total 900.019. 

 The total population of the interior, without the 

 S per cent, added to correct the census figures, 

 \va> 599,304, comprising 308,070 males and 290,- 

 ii!M females. Of the males 250,524 are native- 

 born, including children of foreigners, and of the 

 females 258,041, while 58,140 males and 32,052 

 females are of foreign birth. About 15 per cent, of 

 the population of the interior consists of foreign 

 settlers, and in Montevideo 45 per cent, of the 

 people are foreigners. The number of immigrants 

 in 1898 was 9.407, and of departures 0,411. The 

 Spani.sh and French immigrants are mostly 

 Masques. Then- were 90.199 foreign-born residents 

 of the interior in 1900. including 23,352 Spaniards, 

 24.349 Italians, 24.720 Brazilians, 9,140 Argen- 

 tinians 4, ISO French, 675 English, 708 Germans, 

 994 Swiss, and 2,078 others. Among the immi- 

 grants in 1898 were 2,894 Italians, 3,339 Span- 

 : i MI-. SI 4 French, 073 Brazilians, 342 English, and 

 339 Germans. The number of marriages in 1898 

 was 4,318; of births, 29,870; of deaths, 13,255; 

 excess of births, 16,615; number of marriages in 

 1899, 4,463; of births, 31,613; of deaths, 12,343; 

 excess of births, 19,270. Education is compulsory 

 in Uruguay, and there were 535 elementary 

 schools in 1S97. with 1,043 teachers and 45,614 

 pupils, the annual expense to the Government be- 

 ing $677,000. 

 Finances. The revenue in 1898 was $15,200,- 



000, and in 1899 it was $15,750.000. For 1900 

 the estimate of revenue was $15,977,992, of which 

 customs produce $10,480,000; the property tax, 

 $1840,845; trade licenses, $890,325 ; industrial tax, 

 $475,297; tobacco tax, $444,468; educational re- 

 ceipts, $443,503; stamps, $352,334; posts and tele- 

 graphs, $310,000; bank profits, $270,000; other 

 sources, $471,220. The expenditure was estimated 

 at $15,969,698, of which $370,426 was for the Qon- 

 gress, $65,827 for the presidency. $120,806 for 

 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' $2,230,995 for 

 the Ministry of the Interior, $959,424 for the Min- 

 istry of Finance, $1,034,259 for the Ministry of 

 Public Works; $1,725,503 for the Ministry of War 

 and Marine. $342,249 for the judiciary, and 

 $9,120,209 for the public debt. The expenses of 

 the public debt in 1899 were $4,984,332 for inter- 

 est and $895,118 for amortization; total, $5,879,- 

 450. The amount of outstanding obligations on 

 Jan. 1, 1899, was $124,425,395, the external loans 

 amounting to $100,325,072; international debt, 

 $4,113,470; internal debts, $19,986,847. On Jan. 



1. 1900, the total obligations amounted to $127,- 

 159,529, an increase during the year of $2,734,134. 

 A new internal loan of $4,000*000 was emitted, 

 and $1,265,800 of external and internal obliga- 

 tions were redeemed. The total amount of new- 

 debt created since the advent of President Cuestas 

 \va> .$9.128,500. mainly in liquidation of the defi- 

 cit and obligations inherited from the previous 

 (Jovcrnment due to the civil war. l'nder Julio 

 Hen-era the debt increased from $81.279.752 to 

 * I "3.584,039. a dillVrence of $22,304,287, which 

 includes, however, the consolidation of the ex- 

 it inal debt by which a saving of interest was ob- 

 tained, tinder Idiarte ISorda the increase was $17,- 

 181,068, making the total at the accession of 

 Presided! Cuestas $120.705.097. Under Juan L. 

 Cuestaa the net increase to the end of 1S99 was 

 90.394,432. The annual service of the public debt 



S99 was $4.!>S4.:W2 for interest, $895,117 for 



Amortization, and $789.144 for railroad guarantees, 



making, with commissions and expenses. $0.004.- 



187. The state of the debt on Jan. 1, 1900. was 



$23,101,898 of internal, $100,161,006 of foreign 



and $3,896,025 of international debt. The debt 

 has grown up since 1800, when $2,726,888 were 

 emitted, and in 1805 it amounted to $11,042.24(1. 

 in 1870 to $17,818,094. in 1875 to $42,357,495, in 

 1880 to $49,007,186, in 1885 to $59,774,428, in 1890 

 to $100,00(5,153, and in 1895 to $106,606,153. The 

 amount of the debt has grown much faster than 

 population or commerce, and is to a great degree 

 nominal, the market value being far below the 

 face value of thf bonds, amounting to not more 

 than $75,000,000 for the whole debt in 1900. 



The silver money put into circulation between 

 1877 and 1897 was $4.045,857. The Bank of t la- 

 Republic, founded in 1896, with $10,000,000 of 

 capital paid in and a share capital of $12,000,000 

 originally, increased in 1899 to $1,700,000, has 

 the exclusive right to issue bank notes in the 

 future, and may issue them up to half the amount 

 of subscribed capital. The circulation on Nov. 1, 

 1899, was $4,405,250, and the cash in the bank 

 amounted to $3,805,000. The legal standard is 

 gold, but there is no national gold coinage, though 

 the coinage of doubloons has been authorized 

 since 1802. The bank has the option of redeeming 

 its notes in either gold or silver. 



On July 13, 1900, an additional excise duty 

 was imposed on sugar and increased import duties 

 were put upon sugar, alcohol, wines, and spirits. 

 The excessive import duties discourage the import 

 trade and prevent the expansion of foreign com- 

 merce. The yield of the customs duties in the year 

 ending June 30, 1900, was $10,054,300, showing an 

 increase of little over 3 per cent, as compared with 

 1899, far less than the increase of production and 

 of population. 



The Army and Navy. The standing army 

 consists of 231 officers and 3,273 men, organized 

 in 4 battalions, 3 cavalry regiments, 1 regiment of 

 light artillery, and 1 battalion of fortress artil- 

 lery. The Mauser ritte is furnished to the in- 

 fantry. The artillery has Krupp, Canet, Bange, 

 Armstrong, and Nordenfelt guns. There is an 

 armed constabulary of 3,200 men independent of 

 the army, and about 20,000 men are enrolled in 

 the National Guard. The naval force consists of 

 3 gunboats and 1 armed steamer, manned by 184 

 officers and men. 



Commerce and Production. The rearing of 

 animals is the main industry of the country. 

 There were 4,958.772 cattle, 358,067 horses, 13,144 

 mules, and 14,447,714 sheep in 1897. The number 

 of cattle slaughtered in 1898 was 665,300, and in 

 1899 it was 821,600. The wool product in 1899 

 was 44.000 tons. The wheat crop in 1897 was esti- 

 mated at 300,000 tons. The area of vineyards in 

 1898 was 3,160 hectares, producing 3,351,290 hec- 

 tolitres of wine and 33.510 litres of brandy. Corn 

 and other crops are also grown by the new sH- 

 tlers, who are rapidly extending the agricultural 

 area. They plant tobacco also and have set out 

 olive plantations. The production of gold in the ' 

 department of Rivera was 87,336 grammes in 1897. 

 The imports of merchandise in 1897 were valued 

 at $19.512,216, and of coin at $3,035.679; exports 

 of merchandise at $29,319,573, and of coin at 

 $3,116.877. The value of merchandise imports in 

 is-.is was $24,784.360, and of exports $30,276.910. 

 Of the imports $7.014.335 were articles of food 

 and drink. $212.389 tobacco, $4,992.414 textiles. 

 $1.300.909 clothing, $0.410.094 raw materials and 

 machinery, and $l.793.5S5 articles of other 

 classes. Of the exports .">:>O.M25 were live ani- 

 mals, $26,243,492 animal products, $3,315.r>i:'. 

 products of agriculture, and $380.954 other 

 products. The exportation of jerked beef in 1S'.7 

 was $4.312.904 in value; of extract of beef, $1,1S2,- 

 810; of hides and skins, $6,033,981; of tallow, 



