WEST INDIES. 



775 



27,674; and the revenue of Grenada was 62,- 

 87o, and expenditure 57,602. Of the expenditure 

 of St. Lucia, 10,686 was on public works, includ- 

 ing 4,566 for repairing damages caused by a 

 hurricane, and 13,177 were for the debt; in 

 Grenada 9,600 were spent on public works, and 

 1,633 in St. Vincent. The tonnage entered and 

 cleared in the foreign trade in 1898 was 1,557,677 

 tons in St. Lucia, 254,825 in St. Vincent, and 

 434,198 in Grenada. The value of sugar exported 

 from St. Vincent was 14,610, and of arrowroot 

 14,518; of cacao from Grenada 227,655, and 

 of spices 22,107; of sugar from St. Lucia 51,- 

 569, and of cacao 25,377. The imports of cottons 

 into St. Lucia were 25,150, and of fiour 16,- 

 444 into St. Lucia and 11,341 into St. Vincent. 

 The public debt of St. Vincent amounted in 1897 

 to 17,040, that of Grenada to 127,670, and that 

 of St. Lucia to 189,580. Customs duties yielded 

 32,261 of the revenue of St. Lucia, 32,713 in 

 -Grenada, and 13,600 in St. Vincent. 



Burbadoes has an area of 166 square miles, with 

 about 190,000 inhabitants in 1896. Bridgetown, 

 the capital, has 21,000. There are 175 Government 

 schools, with 14,734 pupils in average daily attend- 

 ance. The British garrison consists of 32 officers 

 and 815 men, the island being the headquarters 

 of the European troops in the West Indies. The 

 Govei'nor is Sir James Shaw Hay. There is a 

 House of Assembly of 24 members elected for each 

 yearly session by the people under a restricted 

 franchise which admitted 1^992 voters in 1898. 

 The 9 members of the Legislative Council are 

 appointed. About 100,000 acres, nearly the en- 

 tire surface of the island, are in cultivation, 30,000 

 being planted with sugar cane. The yield of sugar 

 has recently increased, amounting in 1898 to 53,575 

 hogsheads. The export of manjak, or glance pitch, 

 for fuel was 1,160 tons in 1898, valued at 2,320. 

 This is a bituminous substance the value of which 

 is increasing, and which is frequently found, but 

 the veins run irregularly and the broadest and 

 most promising ones sometimes fail suddenly. The 

 fisheries, in which 370 boats are engaged, produce 

 17,000 annually. The shipping consists of 47 

 sailing vessels and 2 steamers, of an aggregate 

 tonnage of 7,372 tons. There is a railroad 24 miles 

 long. The total value of imports in 1898 was 

 1,058.855, of which 133,823 were for cotton 

 goods, 71,020 for fish, 70.622 for rice, and 67,- 

 691 for flour. The value of exports was 769,231, 

 of which 150,311 represent sugar and 92,416 

 molasses. The vessels entered and cleared during 

 1898 were of an aggregate amount of 1,320,014 

 tons. The Government collected a revenue of 

 182,582, of which 97,020 came from customs; 

 and the expenditures were 175,319, the chief 

 item being 23,442 for police. The debt amounted 

 to 414,000. In 1899 the revenue amounted to 

 216,022, including the hurricane loan from the 

 Imperial Government. The expenditure was 

 207,883, including 30,000 for repairs necessi- 

 tated by the hurricane of 1898, mostly for rebuild- 

 ing the huts of the laboring population. The ex- 

 ports in 1899 amounted to 845,590, the chief 

 exports being 43,907 tons of muscovado sugar, 

 worth 439,070; 2,312 tons of dry sugar, worth 

 34,680; and molasses of the value of 109,252. 

 Most of the exports go to the United States. The 

 imports were valued at 998,006. The imports of 

 rice and fish show a decline, indicative of poverty 

 and distress among the poorer people of this over- 

 crowded island. The Government helps poor 

 whites to emigrate to the United States and Can- 

 ada. The sugar planters and the people employed 

 on the plantations look to the Government to aid 

 them in introducing new machinery and modern 



processes by which they can extract more juice 

 from the cane and a better quality of sugar than 

 they can sell profitably in Canada or perhaps in 

 England, as they expect to lose the market that 

 they now have in the United States. 



The area of Trinidad is 1,754 square miles, with 

 a population estimated in 1898 at 260,000. Port 

 of Spain, the capital, had 34,037 inhabitants. The 

 number of marriages in 1898 was 1,100; of births, 

 7.962; of deaths, 6,755; excess of births, 1,207. 

 In 204 schools, which receive a Government grant 

 of 35,924, there were 24,866 pupils in 1898. Of 

 the total area of the island, which is 1,120,000 

 acres, 442,924 acres are cultivated, 57,000 acres 

 being planted with sugar cane, 103,000 acres with 

 cacao, 1,500 acres with coffee, 18,500 acres with 

 ground provisions, and 14,000 with cocoanuts. 

 The Governor is Sir H. E. H. Jerningham, who 

 is assisted by a Legislative Council of 9 official 

 and 11 nominated members. The pitch lake in 

 the center of Trinidad is Crown property leased 

 to an English company, which exported 100,208 

 tons of asphaltum in 1898. There is a railroad 

 31 miles long. The length of telegraphs is 690 

 miles. The value of imports in 1898 was 2,283,- 

 056, and of exports 2,310,133. The importation 

 of flour was 152,797; of textile goods, 315,632; 

 of rice, 35,772. The sugar exports amounted to 

 603,285; cacao, 812,270; molasses, 16,593. 

 The vessels entered and cleared had a total ton- 

 nage of 1,163,722 tons. 



The island of Tobago was annexed to Trinidad 

 in 1889, and in 1899 was made a ward of Trinidad. 

 The area is 114 square miles, with 21,000 inhab- 

 itants, who cultivate cotton, tobacco, and cacao, 

 as well as sugar. The revenue collected in 1898 

 was 8,213; expenditure, 7,479. The value of 

 imports was 10,855, and of exports 21,443; 

 shipping entered and cleared 25,751 tons. 



I-Sritixh (Inland has an area of 109,000 square 

 miles and a population computed in 1898 at 286,- 

 222, more than a third of whom are Africans, and 

 a still greater proportion East Indians. The num- 

 ber of births in 1898 was 8,500, and of deaths 

 9,706. Georgetown, the capital, has 53,176 in- 

 habitants. The number of coolie immigrants in 

 1899 was 2,193; the number returned to India, 

 1,238. There are 208 aided schools, with 28.689 

 pupils. The Governor is Sir Walter J. Sendall. 

 The Court of Policy consists of 7 official members 

 and 8 elected by the qualified voters. 2,815 in 1899. 

 The revenue in 1899 was 525.865, of which 

 304,366 came from customs, 85,548 from li- 

 censes, 34,292 from the duty on rum, and 21,- 

 209 from the royalty on gold. The expenditure 

 was 525,387, of which 157,690 was for tin- 

 civil establishment, 22.593 for ecclesiastical af- 

 fairs, 29,754 for the judiciary, 27,653 for edu- 

 cation, and 21,106 for public works. The public 

 debt was 975,791. Of 79.278 acres under culti- 

 vation sugar occupies 69,814 acres, divided be- 

 tween 74 estates. The value of sugar exports in 

 1899 was 1,040,982; of molasses, 11.968; of 

 rum, 144.712; of balata. 28,153; of gold, 

 415.746. Mining began in 1886, and in ten years 

 the value of gold produced was 2.796.300. In 

 1897 the yield was 126,702 ounces: iii 1898, 12.V 

 080 ounces; in 1899, 112.464 ounces. The total 

 value of imports in 1899 was 1.371.412. and of 

 exports 1,775,691. The imports of flour were 

 139.088 in value: of tissues, 192,570; of rice, 

 105,631; of machinery. 48.963: of fertilizers. 

 76,412: of fish, 57.274; of coal, 37,156; of 

 hardware, 82,711. There are 40 miles of rail- 

 road. 559 miles of Government telegraphs and 

 cables, and 677 miles of telephone lines. The 

 number of vessels belonging in the colony in 1898 



