



inm.1,- which had p|* I""* 



ndWf. a geographical 



*nd Kg>r h Irts ,.f 



alr^iiH- ami KgYpl remained. It ap|-r- t- hx.- 



, . ... [a|| | Ufa Mia T. '. r ,.'.. '. : I- - 



.sand 



tiawervx -evwal tears a^. in th.-ir 



*rt w 



the rhara.-l.-r f the let: 



fromth,. . ""1 the absence 



of certain -.-.. r-l pin. uld have been 



,i rrv Of lat.T o.m|-Uion. to U-tweeii 



ftaoonlvii* t. th..M- f.. r whose identitv the au- 



.,. ,.f the impheuorof 



an earl v mart vr ran be cited. In addition to the 



. the 



plan of Palestine contains also the K- .man <h 



.t first, second, and third Palestine. The 



v IS regarded as an important addition to our 



resources for Hebrew and Christian archa>ology, 



history, and geography, in respect to which the 



uth> i " advantai 



(hat U inakw us acquainted with a number 

 of place* hitherto n. [t gives to the Chris- 



tian geogr.. MS of that jH-riod ; it 



designates exactly the cities and sites of the time ; 

 r'the identification of certain pas- 

 sagas of s npture,as, for example, the prophecies 



ob concerning his sons Joseph and I'.enjamin ; 



t delineates exactly the shape, style, ami foun- 

 dation plan of the houses of the period. It is rep- 

 resented as marking " where there were plain.- and 

 caves, deserts and oases, hill- and mountain-, i 

 and creeks and woods, springs hot and cold, lakes 

 and (tools, boats and ships, palms and bananas; and 



%MMsatri * t \ I'liiui^ uvn u. 



Babylonia. Ruin- of Nippur, 

 made in the " Annual Cvcloiui'dia " for 1806 to 



are all designated in their natural colors/ 

 The map appears to have been prepared with con- 

 scientious care, and is regarded as accurate. 



Baal bee. An appeal has been made by M 



Casolani for th. n of the ruins of the tem- 



ple of the Sun at Baalbec. It is believed t hat t h.-re 

 were originally 58 columns. Of the 8 that remained 

 in tf art of the last century 6 are now 



standing, and some of them are rather dilapidated, 

 The little that i* left of the roof of the peristyle of 

 the temple of Jupiter is also fast crumbling, t'wo of 

 the largest slabs that form it being in imminent 

 danger of coming down. 



' |nir. Reference was 

 'yclopaxlia " for 1896 to some 

 <>f the results of the excavations carried on by the 



I ition dispatched from the t"niver>it\ of lYnn- 

 syfvania at NiftVr. the site of the ancient Nippur, 

 m the Shat-rn-Nil. More cumiilete and definite 

 account* of these results have been published in 

 book* by hr. .!. I'. I'eter>. the director of the lir>t 

 expedition, and in the editions of the cuneiform 



recovered, edited by Prof. Hilprerht. The 



d feature of the ruins at Niffer is the mound 

 called by the Arabs (tint el Am \mir's 



daughter." which rise* to aU.ut l<"i . the 



surrounding plain. It marks the site of the great 

 Zifgurmt, or trer whii-h was built by 



iror tr I tahu. about 2800 B. . 

 and added to by later kings. Around thi- tt 

 pl. rations wen- I by Mr. Ilav: 



f the later expwlition. A renemblance'v 

 between the arrai 



causeway connected w 



plo of Khafra and the temple of the Sphinx : and a 

 question is suggested as to which i- earlier in origin. 

 The tower was found to rest on a massive platform 

 i'-k. but beneath this was a second nave- 

 of ni'ich finer construction, built of large 



reeo the arrangement of thi- tempi, and 

 that of the early and of the 



<ewav connected wit h it and that U-t we-n 1 1: 



, nearly all of which were stamped 

 with the name- i Naram-Sm. 1; 



-"i|.. The*c kings were both described 



alder of the temple of Mllllil." wliich temple 



has lii-eii reino\.-.|. Northwot of the teiii|>le the 



..f a line of mounds marking a I'ampart 



brought to li^'ht the remain* of a -olid brick wall. 



:iid of unknown height, 

 a foundation of solid < 



puddled i Miilar 



wall, of half the thickness of t tf foiniil at 



Tello by M. <lc Karaec. ' ..f tin 



and rlnsi- to tin- rampart wa* a chamlier 

 about ::C, feet loni; and 1'J : without a 



A ay and therefore snppo^-d to lia\ 



in- upon the plat- 

 form of Naram-Sin. which was built by I'r (iur. 

 ith it was another chamber similar toil, the 

 relic* in which showed it to be the ten,; 

 Hiaii; It had been partly restored 



: (iur. who had aUo erected the upper chain- 

 own archives This chamber had been 

 rilled some time between the reign of I'r (iur. 

 2800 11. r.. and the rise of the Kas-ite d\: 



and the pillaging is s U j,| ((( ,, 

 taken phu-e during tin- Klamite in\ 

 The excavations \\ere continued by Mr. Ila\i 

 virgin soil. :!<) feet farther down, through the ,/ 

 of ruined buildings, accumulations of broken pot- 

 tery, and fragment-, of inscribed stone objects and 

 well-constructed drains. Tin se remains proved 



the existence (.f at least t \\ .. temp il t lie 



pavement of Naram-Sin. These strata had 

 disturbed and the buildings pillaged, but much 

 remained to cast light upon earlier pha-< 

 Kabylonian ci\ ili/at ion than had been opened to u* 

 before. An altar of sun-dried brick, about 1. 

 by 8, had a rim of bitumen around its upper 

 . and a large deposit of white ashes on 

 its tot.. Around it was a low wall marking the 

 sacred inclo-inv. and outside of this wen- two 



.f terra cot ta. decorated with rope pattern. 

 Southeast of the altar was a brick platform, about 

 i square and 1U feet high, built of fine un- 

 baked bricks, round the base of which W 

 vents, leading to a drain jwissing underneath the 

 platform, in the roof of which \\ 

 known keystone an-h. 



More than 'Jfl.lMM) tablets and num. :ibed 



fragments of vases and */ i from this 



ible number of them of the period 

 previous to Sargon. Among them \\eiv broken vases 

 and other object-, many of them of the m< 

 type, that had been \ot ive offerings t<> t In- shrine of 

 Mullil from the earliest t jme. A stone bowlder, in- 

 '1 with a lineal inscription of a king named 

 : Kigub Nidudu. b- :,d indorsement 



by Sargon in arn-w-h. ade.l characters. Among the 

 broken fragments w. of more than a hun- 



dred vases dedicated to the temple by a king named 



from which Prof. Hilpn-clr 

 omplete text ..f rjo lii. 



- were found beneath th> 



gotiide pavement. When examined along with the 

 earliest monument- from Tello the in-criptini- 

 foiind i complete hi-t'iri'-a. 



to affairs of which no mention is found in the annals 

 r afier. They n-lat. rimi- 



and form certainly, whatever thi-ii 



1 known. The 



ihem is the inscription, written in most 

 archaic <!; \ led 



" I^>rd of K nia. " the land 



of chanm s a war against 



the city of Kish.the modern HI llynn-r. whose pri-t 

 ruler had entered into alliance with tribes called the 

 hosts of the Land of the Bow," and describes how 



