7" 



AUSTKIA-WN'. \i;V. 



i arrest ol and kept in custody some weeks at the 

 _,AIKW of ihe Austrian Government. The Hun- 

 imrian nuth.-ntu-* finally refused the application 

 for hi* extradition, and on Jan. 11. 1K07. set him at 

 hUrtv. The GaliciaB agrarian movement. to 

 which Father Stojaloffiiki pave fnwh r 

 development, is OM Of long Handing . latin- fn-m 

 ihr annexation of westrr ;-trm ami 



. ... .. ' , r f,s ,M - - ' I:--' f J< nf 



i the 



. ; ' ' ' ' ' . I he Ullage 



commune. When this system came to mi end it 



Vat MOOStdsd bv that ,,f private II the 



apportionment of which the peasants deemed that 

 therm* deprived < >. although IMT 



.- forests and pasture lands remained in the 

 possession of the communes, i - "'- t Ins 



grievance was a sore |int with th> i>eas- 



mitnr. Polish novelists hare made tin- hatn-d of 

 the peasant* toward the landl<>nls who ha\.- 

 deprived them -f th.-ir forests the motives of 

 i nee*, and popular songs have contrilr- 



ailing 



notion in the nmil districts that the Kmpcror 

 * bis beloved peasants to get th,-ir forests l.a.-k 

 again- During the revolutionary movement among 

 the Polish nobility an.) student's in 1848 the Aus- 

 trian Government armed the peasantry for the 

 preservation of public order. but with disastrous 

 result*, for nobles and their families were massa- 

 bv hundreds, their houses were burned and 

 pillaged, and a reign of terror hung over the coiin- 

 PxMicdek came with imperial troops 

 and put down the peasants by military force. The 

 agricultural distress and the spread of socialistic 

 . "d th-- old grievance; but, 

 the principal seat of the peasant movc- 

 at that time was in eastern Galicia, where 

 ii are Poles and Roman Cath- 

 olics, while the peasants are Kuthenians of Gr> < k 

 Caih- si Orthodox faith, the present agi- 



tation has larters in the western part of 



the province, where Imth landlords and pea-air 

 Poles and Roman Catholics. The approach of the 

 electoral campaign of 1897 witnessed an increase in 

 the agitation among the peasants. In one instance 

 a meeting summoned bv members of the clergy to 

 express confidence in the Polish representatives in 

 the Keichsrath voted down a resolution to that 

 by a large majority. In their electoral mam- 

 Mine followers of r'athcr Stojaloffski appealed 

 to tli r peasants (upon whom had been 



shifted the heaviest burden of the taxes, whose 

 debts were driving them from their native soil into 

 the wide world, and whose rights were betrayed in 

 Vienna to the landlords) to drive out the recreant 

 representatives and send faithful men to the Keichs- 

 rath who would have the law altered so as to re- 

 store and defend their rights. Prince Sangi, 

 the SUtt halter of Galicia, at the opening of the 

 provincial Diet condemned without reserve all who 

 took part in the movement among the peasantry 

 and v V.S-H. This gave occasion to inter- 



pellation* in tin- K<>ich*rath, where I'oli-h members 

 inquired whether Iho Government intended inter- 

 in the electoral campaign, ami renVc 

 grated regard ing the means by which is 

 the election of a compart irrou'p of poles, 

 three quarters of whom represent the 



-t- ,,f the nobility and the clergy. 



Ruthenian nationality entered the field of 

 racial pnlitic* in !*!?. and put forth H programme 

 that i.* | tartly national, demanding the divi- 

 Oalicia into two administrative districts <w IJu- 

 thenian and the other I'-.li-h and partly agrarian. 

 appealing h as well as to the 'Ruthenian 



peasantry, the main demand proposing the sale of 



theg' i their division into small 



ant holding. The Kuthenian>. though oiitnum- 

 under tl: lion law 



elec-ted for the first time s4-parate naii^nal repiv- 



: i and in the K'i< -lisrat h. 



1.1-in-iMl I l < -tioii. The admission ol ili- new 

 category of electors, \\hn-h practically cslalilished 



';ge, was attciiiii-ii \\ith nei 

 ments in political j.artiev. The rivalry lu-t \\ren the 



Anti-Semites and the Social I>c crai-. lioih lnl- 



ding for the voles of the n.\\ly cnfrain-hi-ns 



Die. The old German LiU-rai p:nt\. 



!H e directed the fortlMH'sof t IK tll.pll' 



practically sulnnergrd l>y the i 



the remnant joined the general hue and . 



the development of ( . \vhlch tin- part) had 



IIK.-I to foster. A new (icrinan National i 

 composed largely of the Ir-.s in-lni-ied Grrmaii 



popn, .llichised li\ the llc\\ electoral law. 



expressed the racial jeal< .;:i_-"in-in 



t<> the triumph nationalism 



(ierman revival reacted in turn on the C/cch- and 



th<* pole-, and estal'li-hcd a closer i-'iid Ix-tween 



nationalities wliich have had more groui. 



;i than of political fusion so Ion- as the 



IS coquetted with Pansla v isin. and appealed to 

 the protection of the K'us-ian- to save their nationali- 

 ty and language from extinction. Having found 



: ful allies within the empi 



dropped their Panslavisin as if it were a ma-k. ami 

 in effusive gatherings with the Poles echoed the 

 hereditary antipathy of t 



The Social Democrats of Vienna arraigned severe- 

 ly the Anti-Semitic majority in the municipal coun- 

 cil, reproaching it with working in a direction di- 

 rectly opposed to the intercuts of the people by 

 withdrawing subventions from the pulilic, hlirary 

 and societies for the winter refuges for the poor and 

 attaching snoh conditions to the subvention to the 

 volunteer ambulance society, which included some 

 Jews in its membership, that the soci-ty properly 

 refused jt. ami, on the other hand, by granting a 

 large subvention to a suburban church building 

 association, thus betraying its I'ltra-Clerical tenden- 

 cies and its subservience to the Clericals, who had 

 contributed large funds for the Anti-Semite 

 toral campaign. Dr. Adlcr, the Social Dcm< 

 leader, accused the vire-b . r of desiring to 



1 oO.OOO.OOO florin* n the city gas works for 

 political purposes, and said that the Christian > 

 i<tic municipal council had shown itself an enemy 

 to the working rla--es sooner than was exp- 

 The Anti-Semitic and Christian Socialist leader- in 

 advisinu' their followers to purchase nothing from 

 the .lews, in whose hand* \n<^\ of the trad.- and 

 tal were concentrated, did not aid the prosperity of 

 the capital, which lagged in ,1 dep resting way, while 

 rieral feeling WJLS that the administration was 



.illy unsatisfactory, and di-gust was expressed 

 at the violent altercat i">n< in this municipal council 

 and its partisan deci-ioti- .-md oppression of tl 

 nority. The (iovernmei/ me attempt to 



hold ifl check the Christian-Socialist and Anti- 

 Semitic elements, yet. with no effective support 

 fn.m the Liberal party, which had almost c, ;I M d to 



M such ami PTI a fundamental 



transformation, it had nothing to fall back upon 

 but a disOTganiied and disunited minority in ; ny 

 attempt to curb the impo-jug Clerical majority that 

 stimulated and protected popn!.. .md social 



jealousies that formed no part of its own p.'irty 

 cial Democracy of Austria regarded 

 the troublous ,, n ,| confused political situati 

 rapidly leading to their advent to power. Their 

 numbed tended constantly to increase, and the ex- 

 emplary discipline of t he party was well maintained. 

 They half expected to win the elections for the 



