- 



BOOK-PLATES. 



the tout-known early engravers of book-plat' 



jca was Nathaniel llunl. whose stvle was 

 MiDciimJIy Chippendale, and who engrave*! a i-lat.- 

 KrliVnrinl C\5lee wh 



U-raon. who was the first An. 

 wood engraver, produced, so far a* nova, ven 

 platea on wood and three on cop|*-r. included amoni; 

 plaftasfortlMold Apprmtioai' Library and 



bi r.illriv. which arc D the Alle- 



ii ry Di rkini vorfa d - Btta i\ m 

 .ndale style. I 



1ml. 



by tone exceJIr I thta kind, which inotadM 



two plafca* for the Soctetii < ollcp-. IVI.T 



Roshton Maverick favored the Ribbon-and-Wreath 

 strle. He engraved a | : fitt Clinton. 



a,;,! . Library. Paul 



Rrrn wa >f I ho company of these ivcrs 



k-pUUvs his own an<l that of Epes Sa: 

 htiif perhaps, the best known of his work m this 

 of the earliest collectors in tin- 

 ties was the late James E<My Man ran. of 

 whose collection, when he died, in 

 1888, numbered about 8.600 plates. Among other 

 collectors and authorities in this field in <>ur c<>un- 



iv U> mentioned Kiehanl ('. Lichtcnstcin, of 

 Boston', who has pablished several monographs on 



theSUl'j'H l.il'bie. of Boston ; II. i 



of Kleinin. . l>r. Henry ('. Kno. of Snuga- 



iu,-k. nn. . Mr-. Ki.-hanl .1. Barker, Warren, K. 1. : 

 HUB He!> iinenl, of Columbia ('- 



H.-nry Illackwoll. of N,-w York; Dr. Char: 

 (Mark. f L\nn. M:t>s.: Nathaniel Paine. of Worces- 

 ter, Mas*.; Dr. Joseph 11. hnJil.s, of L.-m.-M-i.-r. I'.-i.: 



eorge L. Parmalce,of H art ford, C'onn. ; James 

 Terrr, of New H .: II. \V. I ; r yant. of Port- 

 land," Me,; George F. Alii-.,,, of Brooklyn. N. Y. : 

 ami Ijiur. n, of New York. The literature 

 on this subject is not extensive, and has been limited 

 mainly to ncwspap. r and magazine art id* >. ( harl< < 



r Allen published in \*\t\ American 1 '-... k- 

 pUtes," and in 1896 K\ -1. ii.ris, Essays of a 



HARLD CHANDLER 



AKtttCAK nCTORlAL PIUTT. 



HKAX1L. 



"Book-plates." by W.J.Himly; and I.a-li.V |: 



tltoucli.-re. Hi-nri Mom-hot has 

 tn ated of Fn-iH-h plati-s. llerr !'. Wanu-i-ke of (ier- 



HOLD TO NAT 



CHARLES M SKINNER 



lector." Tn Knglaml. IM-V.-TV! i nnted vol- 



umes and those previously mentioned, 



by M. A. 

 Castle ; " French Book-plates." by Walter Hamilton; 



RECENT AMERICAN PICTORIAL PLATE. 



man plates. M. ('. M. Carlander .f S\vedi>h | 

 Robert hay in Ireland and .1. <>rr in Scot land are 

 workers in" the same Held. Min-h r-m.. 

 d"iie wit h tlii^ subject. The Italian plates are with- 

 out remarkable excellence or defect, beilli; often il;it 

 and in>ipiil. The Spnni-h are fr-jnently har>h. but 

 bold and gloomy. Th<- Swi are >ti!T and generally 

 ill arranged, and th< :.ir as th- 



known toexi>t. ha\e IK-.-H Itorrowed from tin- French 

 of the Louis XV period. 



BRA/IL. a federal republi.- in South America. 



The legislative power is Vested ill the National 



< ' inirrc--. d.n-i-t iii'_ r <>f a Senate of ':{ niemliers. 15 



from each State and the Federal District, and a 



Ilou-e of Deputies containing L'l'J memb. 



by the voters of the Slates in proportion to their 



population,] member to 70,000 inhabitants. 



ators serve nine years, one third retiring 



three years: Deputies are elected for ti 



The State of Amazonas el< 



Maranhflo. 7: I'iau! i. IM : |;i,, (irande 



d. Kbrti . t : Parahyba. 1 : 1'i-ma:: . : Ala- 



e, 4; Bahia, 2-J: l-Npirit- 

 b Janeir... 17: Sao Paulo, H 



Urfom, I : Hi- <irande do Sul. Hi; Minns 

 : : HattoQrOSSO, 1 : the l-'erl.-ral 

 i. IM. F\,-ry I'.ra/ilian male citi/en twenty- 

 one years of w and able to read and writ' 



sesses the electoral franchise with the exception of 

 soldiers actually serving in the army, meiul 

 inonastie orders, and paupers. The President, who 

 appoints the ministers and, with the consent ^.f 

 Congress, the judges of the Supreme Federal Tri- 

 bunal ami the diplomatic representatives, and has 

 the supreme command of the military and naval 



I bv direct vote of the people, for 



four yean, The National Congreai lci_'M,v 



import d 1 arrangements, and 



bank-note circtjlatin. The St ;, ri-ht to 



imjKise export duties. and each one i< administered 

 at its own expense without the interference of the 



