BRA/IL. 



190 per cent, ad valorem* On agricultural ma- 



1 tool* and implement* of industry 

 dalles 'ar charged. The chief topatft * 



.v 1 



woolen 



iron, machinery, coal. lion: . 



jerked beet rice, eodfUi. j-rk. lard, butter. 

 corn, olive oil, macaroni, tea, candles, petroleum, 



srt.iin'1-- '' vnl " c " f 



einorts for 18W was computed to be about $180,- 

 006.000. Theexpofti of coffee from 



*.3.noi*<o. i' 



M :;,..;:< . i; 



bagt; from Victoria* 807.438 top; f> > I 

 51.773 bags; f <U 20.302 bags. The ex- 



port of cacao from lU.-m in 1*94 was4,063M>-. 

 -ar 88.014 t..n* WPP exported in 1805 from 

 Pernambaco. 85.000 .-.nd 4.3o tottf 



Urnndc do Norte. Maranhio exported 

 ttoo : Pernambaoo, MOO ions: Bio 



.Whales. The export of riili- 

 rom Panl ii i- 20.600 tons; fn. m Ma- 



inde ! Sul in 



-fed 20.831.226 kilogramme* of dried U-i-f. 

 : ,.. A. and r.iU.ol 1 ra- 



Natlrallon. I>uring 1SH5 there were 1,460 ves- 

 *!*. of .243,16.: red ri the p-'i" 



35,777 tons at Hahia: !.<>" 

 lambuco: 1H8, of 184,80*. 



ir.i: and M*. of l*l.s.VJ tOttS, :'ihAo. 



. do Sul was visited by 881 vessels. ..f 



llra/il in 1895 comprised 

 386 smiling Teas* S75toDS,ao uer-. 



lar I In- law that went into force 

 Ni-\emiHT. l s '.4. foreign vessels are excluded 



from tho coaMintr trade ami river navigation, ami 

 .inies that engage in such traflic under the Bra- 

 zilian flai: ~ ibventioiis from tin- (Jcin-ral 



Government which amount to 2,809,640 milreis a 

 year. 



Communications. There were 8,086 miles of 

 railnuds in operation in 1896. and 0.40:1 mile- wen- 

 nnd- ' ion, 4.670 miles under survey, and 



^ ni-.re projected. The Federal Govern- 

 ment owned 1,882 miles of the c.Miplcted lines and 

 subsidized 2,259 miles more; 8,000 lines were man- 

 aged by the State governments or operated under 

 concessions received from them, and !)!)."> mile- 

 roads that received no subventions, of the roads 

 junder const ructi.-n :*"> miles were leinu r Imilt \\i\\i- 

 OQt subvention >.!(()! miles wen- lein^ OOfMtmoted 

 for the State jrovernim-nts. WJ7 miles were bcini; 

 luiilt fort Government, and :i.:i!o miles 



companies were building with concessions and L r u:ir- 

 antee* fr-m the (Mivernment. The majority of t he 



eompaftiet owning the railroads hare a guarantee "f 



int-rest on their capital from the 



d <i'iv-rnmciit. The ileficit paid from the 



i;il trva-Hiiry up to the end of 1S94 was 11. 11*.- 



:iln'i*. The capital invested in the national 



rmilroads was 2'> nilreis, H n<l their receipts 



up to the end of 1894 had fall.-n >h..rt of the ex- 



psnsMand interest by 11.118,477 mil 



The post office forwarded 83.441.000 letter-* and 

 postal cards in 18U5. and :i7.074.000 Camples circu- 

 lan,etc. The telegraph* are own. d hy th- -<;.,v. -rn- 

 There were 10,143 miles of line'in 195. witli 

 i miles of wire. The nnmU-r .f 

 sent was 1.2^3.695; re<-oipt for 1897 were estimated 

 at 8,600,000 milreis, and expenses at 9,81 

 milreis. 



Financial and Political r r M._rommer< -ial 

 depression. >t upon the gnal fall in the value 



of coffee, t he eont inuousdeprvciat ion of t he cjirrency, 

 and the financial emharrassments of the <;,,v,-rn- 

 mont produced a widespread feeling of ftolitical 

 uncertainty and unrest. The |ioop]f !*< -ain 

 satisfied with the way in which they were gov* 



n a- .tronu r ly attached a< ever t.^ rcpul)- 



.:i-titiitioiis and the more mistrustful of the 



ment. fornu-rly identified with the 



empii. misfortunefl "f the repub- 



lic seemed to Mij^eM the advantagef of monarchy. 



The melt of tried eXperiel. t\r t,.||,' 1 



litical life In-fore the n-volulioii. have Urn debarred 

 from any pari icipat ion in public alTair-: iu;i 

 them | .'. A -troiiu' and turlmleiit fal-lor 



in the political situation ha> b,-en the semimi.. 

 element that has spt ill ..f theili-- 



turbed condition of affairs in the la-t ei-ht \ 

 Tin- j irdeiit and jealon* repub- 



lic.-ui-.. \\ ho imau'ini- they see at i-\er\ turn ;in at- 



tempt iore-t..re the monarchy. On slighl pn.\o- 



cati.m-. or with n<. neat all. sin -h m. n ha\. 



M the street- of B .Hid other cil u-s 



and attacked their political oppoiiet 

 to the length of killing proinineni citi/en- su-p. 

 of monarchist sympathii--. In l^'.Ml and the . 

 ji.-irt "f ls; violent and irrational outbreak- ,,f this 

 character occurred repeatedly. The aut horit ii- 

 no precaution* to prevent -udi di-t urlian<-e-. and in 



co||-ei|Uence the-e extreme rej HI 111 ic;i n -. lll'-t of 



whom are yoiini; men. ha 



terrori-iii iul citi/en- ol .dive 



tell. Irl. 



The enormous debt that ha- accumulated under 

 the republic is. with the diminishing revenu. 



:\e burden. ( lut of a tta| income of little 

 more than *.-<.< KM.(M> in old value the National 



(iovernmellt ha- to | ' tO meet tie 



nual debt char_-'--. K\c.-pt the cii-tomhoi, 

 ly any -oiin-e ,,f r.-v.-mn- I- a\ailalle. The .,rl 

 expense! of the administration swallow up the 

 leavini; unforeseen and extraordinary re|iiirerir 

 such as theco-t of -uppre in:: in-urrect ion or t he 

 purchase of war ships and munition-, to be added 

 to the debt. The expenditure has invariab!, 

 ceeded the revenue for many year- pa-l.and tin- 

 usual method of meeting the deficit has been by 

 fresh issues of inconvertible bank : this 



the. chief part of the financial diHiculty of the 

 Brazilian (Joveniim-nt mu-t be attributed. The 

 true condition of the t rea-ury i-< not publicly know n. 

 nor i- t he exact amount of t he-e paper i ue- in cir- 

 culation, but there were computed to be in the 

 sprint: of I*!i7 not less than TIMI.OOU contos of 

 e.|iial to nearly $400,000,000 in face value, and 



'><K),000 at the depreciated rate of e\ch , ; 

 Commerce has been depressed not only by th- 



obtained for coffee and the Calling rate- ,,f 

 exchange, but by tho constant clian^-- made in tin- 

 tariff to which the (Jovernment 

 in order to protect itself from the iv-ulis of tin- 



nit <lepreciation of the r-urreiicy. for the tariff 

 dutie- !e in paper, not in L r "M. To tide 



ov.-r it- di(Tlculti<-s. which were" incr.-a--d 1-y the 

 expeditions -cm a-ain-t the fanatic- .,f I'.ahiii. the 



Iillient propose* 1 to .-ell the lea-e of the State 



rail P., "Min 



L'old. Neirotiat: 

 Mil-land and (i.-rmanv. 



Til-- depre-sion in the cofTee market affected nr,t 

 the finaii'-e- of the (toverninent alone, but the con- 

 dition of the whole population of Mra/il. Nearly 

 all the energies <.f the country have been dc\ 

 ' e cultivation, while cereal- and other D< 

 saries of life have been imported from abroad In 



former times the southern province- of I'aran;. 



<'atarina, and Hio firande do Sul produced 

 wheat and U-ef for the supply of Ifio de .Janeiro 

 and other northern markets, but the revolutions 

 and disturbances of the la-t few years have cau-ed 

 the-e indu-trics to be almost abandoned. Since the 

 currency has depreciated, and coffee pri'-r-s have 

 fallen at the same time, the difficulty of obtaining 



