I'LATIXi! MAi'li: 



insurgents crossed tne Macedonian fn-nn-r. The 

 rnroeot took prompt steps to check the agita- 

 tion. The Bulgarian Government declined t. re- 

 call its rvprmrntittivr fnun Athena when called 

 upon to do no by the Porte M su*vrain. Th.- Bul- 

 garian ao-nt in Constantinople demanded the issue 

 more Bulgarian I Mace- 



donia, threatening in the orent <>f r. -fii-al that the 

 Bulgarian anuy would * nobili/.-d ni once. The 

 Sulian promt**! to grant the lm- 1 the 



Bulgarian Government t.. have patience until the 

 termination of tin- wnr with (Jreece. Th.- iiillu<-iu-(> 

 :<i4a restrained Bulgaria fnun inking any 

 advantagr of Turkey'* difficulty. When tin- war 

 wa ended n d Russian governments 



addrewd an identical note i<> tin- Hal 



ll their correct attitude 

 duru..- -i*. In August Prince Ferdinand 



viito.l tin- Button fat Constantinople, and received 

 from him satisfactory assurance* regarding the 



Tin- Prince ha.l previously vi-ited other 

 - and had conferences with" the Kin. 

 1 ipl. BoitchelT. the Piv 



aid-daHMUnp, wa- ..n\i-tf.l df murdering an Au 

 trian actress, and a few ,i newspt 



print. -d interviews with 1 r". Stoil,.fT. imputing 

 political animosiu a- i h,- mti\c ,,f i| M . Austrian 

 rnment for insisting on hil punishment. The 

 Au-tro-llunganan I .ill. was . 



.(uently withdruwn fnun S..|ia until the HuL 



'r denied the n|T. u -sions. A inin- 



il crisis was settled l-y the r. con.-l nu-tii.n of 



IM. BtoilonTl < 'al'iiH-t on S.-j.t. 7. (iue-h,.ir. Mini 



!|.M M |..|-..|T. prr\i..||-ly 



.Minister of .In-tier, t..uk \\'\* portfolio, lu-iii^ 

 ceeded l>y /-.'Mi-etT. hi- chief >-ul...rdinate. while 

 VelitchkofT wa- appointed Mini-tT of ('..in! 

 and .\L r riculture. t ran-ferrim: t he ji.irtfnli,. ..f I'ul.- 

 lie Instruction that he Ijeld before to Vasoff, a 



Deputy, 



( \l< I I \ I l\, M \( HI MS. Machines for 

 simplifying arithmetical processes and for per- 

 forming U :.ii-al work incidental to addi- 

 tion, multiplication, division, and subtraction have 

 been employed for many years in astronomical ob- 

 aarratone^' institutions of learning, .'i'i'1 bu^ine-s 

 bouses. The basic principle of mechanism in near- 

 ly all these is the gearing of wheels to the ratio ,,f 

 one to ten. S'lnetimes figures, from to 9, are 

 placed directly on these wheels and brought to an 

 ojening. no th'at the answers may be read ; some- 

 times they are arranged to print at a certain point, 

 so that the answer appears on a slip of paper : and 

 onetimes the wheels direct pointers on dial- to 

 rife the required visual results. The illustration 

 snows a mecnanism of the first-named character. 



umrmimt rm PKINCIPLK or OPERATION or notntc 



A ro* CALCVLAT1XO ADOITIOK AXD 8CBTRACT10X. 



The gr- . //. ami r. each have 100 te, th 



and U-ar 100 pin-. /.. //. j,. ..n their faces. The pin- 

 ions 1 and 2 each lia\.- 10 teeth, as do also the pin- 

 :'.. 4, and 5 of the figure wheeN. and the idle 

 gear* ' : ! H. Cin-ular gnuluated 



' '/. '/. anil <l. n,,e tenth of a 

 rotation of the crank ^ turn* one tenth of its 

 circumference and bring* 10 pin- in contact with 

 the pinion 3. causing the figur. -..makea 



'in | ftl the siiini. time the pinion 1 



_-ear&one toiith. and a nin on // turn* the 

 pinions 6 and 4 and cause* the figure wheel 

 turn one figure. A complete rotation of a 

 nuired to turn the figure wheel c' one figure. The 

 figure wheels may be arranged with springs and 

 stops so as to make one tenth of a rotation ii 

 taueously when a pin bears on the pinion, so that 



ieh represents hundreds, will turn only at the 

 completion of H turn'- of I, in-tead of turnin 

 tenth of a figure at each turn of b". If it I 

 sired to add. -ay 1 M and 546, with these wheels, 

 thev are fir-t set at 1 J!. a- her.- illustrated, and the 

 dial of a' is set at /en.. If. then, fi be turned 

 around five times (.,r n half a turn either 



scores 500), and then It turned to |( on it- dial, the 

 figure wheels will be so rotated as to have carried 

 around 546 more point-, or t M.~>. whi< -h is tl 

 swer. It will be apparent that subtract ion p.. . 

 accomplished by a re\er-e pro* --. l',\ an \ten- 

 sion of this principle some of the most dillicult 

 arithmetical problems may be solved mechanically, 

 one of the b<-t knowii of these machines of re- 

 cent design i- that introdui-e.l by I orr K. Kelt, of 

 <'hicago, in 1889, fcnd improved in I^.M;. T 

 in use at Cornell I "Diversity and other scientific in- 

 stitutions. The operation ifl made extremely sim- 

 Kleby the introduction of a keyboard, which may 

 < manipulated like that of a typewriter. Tip 

 are placed so as to form rows jn two directions, 

 numbered from left t. riu'lit. and aNo to and from 

 the operator. This machine will not only perform 

 the four principal arithmetical operation-, but will 

 also extract a cube root. In no case is it 

 to -trike more keys than there are figures j n the 

 problem given to the machine to >o]\,-. and in the 

 latest machines the an-wer i* delivered on a printed 

 canl. If there i- any doubt in the mind of the 

 [tor M to Whether he struck the keys correct- 

 ly in setting up the problem, he has only to r 

 the operation, and -e- whether he gets the san 

 suit. In adding, one set of figures is struck on a 

 M one direction, and the other set on a row at 

 ri-ht anirlev. hi multiplying three figure- by three 

 fiirun nly to select three certain 



which may be done very promptly as soon as 



j loard is memoH/ed. 



The" Thomas machine is commonly used in 

 France, and tin- Tate machine, which j an im- 



I form of the Thomas. j< much used in < 

 Britain. The Odhncr machine has Keen u-ed to 

 some extent in Poland. I'.abbaL'e's difference ma- 

 chine, which i. js n-ed in Kn-land for 



'metrical and logarithmic calculations. The 

 machine devised by (e., ; _'. |;. (Jrant. of Cam- 

 bridge. Ma--., has f.'.imd considerable sale. This. 

 like most of the foreign machines, is operated by a 

 small hand crank. It employs a series of adding 

 rings, registering wheels, and "pointers. Both add- 



