CHINA. 



Kwan t. Moukden. tin- provincial capital of Feng- 



6 t tin- capital of Kirin pn-\ 

 Kussia is authorized to pro\ide fund- and under- 



_- the Chinese n 



fr-.in Kirin to Moukden. Ncwchwang. etc.. ami 

 China may redeem this railroad at tin* end of ten 

 years. Tbfl railroad to U- built bv China from 

 Shall-! K'aiping. Chin- 



Lushunkow, or Port Arthur, ami theme 

 to Talienwan. shall follow Ru lan railroad regula- 

 tions ' faeililal.- . mmeivial illtcK 

 between the two empires. In the settled di-tn.-t- 

 .ml military olhYials will protect the 

 railnwtds built in Clun. .' territory i. but 

 in barren and siwirscly inhabited 'distn 

 shall be QoWM to place cavalry and infantry 

 euanU at the , Miportant The 

 nation of mine* in Kirin and 



dang will IK- removed. Should China 

 require to reorganize and train on tin- Western sys- 

 tem the territorial army of the three eastern 

 inoes, Russia will furnish qualified milit., 

 >n ti. 'man oflieers in the 



Liang Kiang provinces. Russia has never possessed 

 aaeap- r! in A-ia that i- free from ice and op.-n all 

 the year round. If. therefore, military operations 

 should suddenly an-e in Asia. China is willing, in 

 .able the Russian fleets in tin- eastern 

 seas and the Pacific to move about freely and at 

 plea-iire. to lease temporarily t-> Ru ia 'the port 

 of Km-chow. in the provin.-e of Shan-Tung, the 

 jeriod of the lease being limited to fifteen year.-, at 

 the end of which China shall buy all the liar 

 godowns. machine shops, and dorks built by Rn-- 

 sia. But should there be no danger of military 

 operation- .all not immediately enter intii 



possession of the port, in order to 'obviate the 

 chance of exciting the jealousy or suspicions of 

 other powers. As the Liaotung ports of Lushun- 

 kow. or Port Arthur, and Talienwan an- important 

 strategical points, it shall be incumbent on China 

 to f'.ri if v them properly, and Ru ia shall lend all 

 necessary assistance in helping to protect them, and 

 shall not jwrmit any other power to encroach upon 

 them. China, on her part, binds herself never to 

 cede them to another country; but if Ru ia 

 should find herself involved in a war, China con- 

 sents to allow nporarily to concentrate 

 her land and naval forces within the-e ports. 



terms of this treaty were modified in vari- 

 ous particulars, but not to the detriment of Russia's 

 position in northern China. The u the 



outcome of negotiations begun with Li-IIiing-Chang 

 in Pekin. and continued by him with Priii--. 

 banoff in St. Petersburg." The Eastern Chinese 

 Railroad Company was organ ixed with it- chief 

 office rshiirg. having a Chinese official 



for pre-idcnt. but Russian directors and a vice- 

 president in real control, who is appointed by the 

 Russian Minister of Finance. None but Roman 

 Chinese subjects can acquire shares in this 

 company. The company has received the -auction 

 of tne Chinese Government to construct telegraph 

 lines from the Liaotnng peninsula to Hcianip*.. on 

 nine-*, frontier, and from Aiyun to the east- 

 ern v r m inns. 



* A Brio-Chinese Agreement. The open- 

 ing of the Went river was only part of the compen- 

 sation exacted bv Great Britain for the violation of 

 the provisions of t he convention of March 1. 

 whereby England renounce*! in fa\.,r of china 

 the suzerain rights over the -tate- of MiiatiL'-I.em 

 and Kiaiu which she had laid claim a- 



successor to the King of A\a. on condition that 

 China should not. without a previous agreement 

 with England, cede any |ortion of thes*. territories 

 to any other nation. < hina did, on June 20, 1805. 



cede to France a large part of Kiam:-llun: to ih,> 

 east of Mekong, [noonildermtion of Greai H\\ 



consentin_ all objei-tions to this c, 



Chin:.. . _ne. I an additional agree- 



ment, grant mi: territorial and commercial conees- 



llntain. and the rat ilicat ion- 

 exchanged on .lune ". The territory eeded 

 the border of Hurmah and Yunnan. The bm.- 

 line from the Mcking to the point where r 

 strike- the Sahvc.-n remains unchanged: but, in- 

 Stesxl of following the Ilitilin-ij <if tin- Salweeti 



leralile dl 

 the northea-t, leaving to Iturmah the Shan -i 



00 miles 



in .-\treine length and '2't miles in extreme bn-adih. 

 Mid the IK. ri hern terinina- 

 tii>n of the frontier there are threi- -mallei- < . 



. the -mallc-t <.f which i- a triaiiL'ular 

 between the Nam-Wan and the Nam-.Mak. \\L 

 recognixed in the agreement a- Clnne-e leri 

 but is ceded t., England on a |erpetual lea.- 

 rent to be determined at some future tin:' i 

 ditioiitothe Manuuieaiid San-i route- for 

 land trade, which alone were -auctioned in tin 

 veiitioii of is'.ll. any oilier route- that in.- 

 found desirable in the interest of trade \\ 

 opened on the same terms as tho-e. Mnglan 

 tains permi-sion to appoint a con-nl at cither Mo- 

 mein or Shunning-hoo, and one al-o al 

 I'.rit i-h subjects and per-oiis under Hriti-h |i- 

 tion may establish themselves and tra-;. 

 places on the same terms a^ at treaty port-. The 

 Chine-e (iovernmeiii '-on-ider whet h< 



conditions of trade justify the construction of 

 railroads in Yunnan, and in' the event of their 

 struct ion n .mnect them with the Mu: 



lines. The significance of this stipulation i-that if 

 the Freiieh penetrate Yunnan with their railroad, 

 Kngland will insist on its being connected with the 



n of Biirmah. 



' l.eniiiiii sei/urc of Kiaorhow. The Chinese 

 (iovernment made plan- to establish and fortify a 

 naval station in the May of Kiaoehow, imme.; 

 south of the Shan-Tung promontory, which com- 

 mands the southern approach to thedtilf of Chili. 

 A strong naval base at this point \\.-. 



-ary to the safety of china's contemplated 

 naval armaments. This is the poinl mentioned in 

 the published version of the -eeret treaty will. 

 8)'a which is to be occupied by Ru ian f-'f 

 the protection of China's capital in the event of 

 fre-h hostilities breaking out in the far I 

 Chinese (Jovernment granted pcrmi ion for the 

 temporary u-e of the bay as a winter station 1 



an licet in the Pacific. In the beginningol 



ub. r. (id-many landed sailors and man 

 Kiaochow. and subsequently -tore- and material 



brought, as if a permanent occupation 



intended. The ostensible purpose of the 



was to in-i-t on redress for the murder of tw< 

 man mi<siomu 



\ttackson Missionaries. Whereas the i: 

 diate effect of the war with .lapan was to occ 

 fr.-h outbreak- of popular rage against in: 

 aries as repre-.-ntative- of the outer barb; 

 from whom the .Jjipane-c had learned the art "f 

 war. a de-ire frra nearer aojiiaintance with \\' 

 in-titutiotis and -ci n to be manifested by 



.,f the 1,'frrtiti. and the attitude of the provin- 

 cial oflicial- towanl the mi--i'.narie- in many i 

 became more friendly and respectful. The 



of famine, political disturbances, and tl,< 

 tat ion of secret societies in various parts of the em- 

 pire, fresh revival-* of antiforeign feeling traceable 

 to the war or diplomatic disputes, and the renewed 

 circulation of the stereotyped slanders against the 



naries caused outbreaks to occur in various 



