CRETE, 



on being threatened will, -a those houses 



oo fire. Provisional tribunals composed of 

 hainmedans and Chn-tians were appoint 

 Governor here and at Candia and K.-tnuo. < >n 

 June 14 Ismail Itey. the acting Governor. In 



^nation announcing that the internal tonal fleet 

 woul.l pn-xmt foreign vessels from landing cargoes 

 on which no customs duties had U . n i-.i-i. Tin- 

 order was not effectively carried out ; hence no rev- 

 enue was obtained from tin-, source. On June 24 



nor informed th.- Turkish in- 



slioii | Imt he Inn I ii" more nit I.-: 



them. At th- vm, time tin- killn._ f Moslems 



ambuscades exasperated the latter. and on 



Joattthey made raid on the Christiana who had 



. possession of the Msi. m village of K.-u 



irhere a desperate combat took place. Sharp 



n occurred in .Inly l>etwc. -n tin- D 



hammedans and th> f :-.i..ps hold at ll.-ra- 



an.l at Ilirnijietra. Col. Sir II. Cherm-ide 



issued a proclamation forbidding the people of 



Candia or lleraklion to ;-. and mi July 



16 the disarmament was carried into effect, as simi- 



lar orders had been at Canea and Itctimo. (Mi the 



following day the Christian insurgents attacked 



the whole fro'nt of Turkish outposts, which had re- 



cently been doubled in order t<> check ilie raids of 



Bwbi-baaooks, who had sanguinary fiirht- with the 



insurants in Kpiscopi and other "neighboring vil- 



lages. In Canea the Mohammedans assumed a 



truculent demeanor toward Christians. All 



of propt-rtv in the island were in hopd,-- ,.,,|,. 

 fusion. The land and movables of one faction 

 had been treated as lawful spoil i.y the others. 

 Houses that they had not rifled and burned. olive 

 groves not yet devastated, and crops that were left 

 standing had been qnietty appropriated by Chris- 

 tians in the country districts, They had driven off 

 flocks and herds to their own pastures or had sei/ed 

 them with the land from which the owners had 

 been forcibly evicted. In the towns the Mohamme- 

 dans had in like manner taken possession of <!. 

 ble residences and -hop* in good location-. 



The admirals determined to extend tin- /one of 

 military occupation. When columns of Kuropean 

 troops marched out into the country, the insurgents 

 fired upon them.-aving afterward that it was by 

 mistake. The admirals, disbelieving the excuse, an- 

 nounced that the columns would henceforth take 

 cannon with them an>l -> \. r< ly repress any attack. 

 issued a circular to the powers, inforrn- 

 iiein that, if they could not maintain order, a 

 Turkish army would* be dispatched to the island. 

 tdmirals and consuls had many weeks lief ore 

 urged their respective governments to sen. I 

 forceraents to Crete, imt their representations had 

 been without effect After the meeting of th, 

 tan Assembly the task of preserving order I- 

 much aatlsc, The insurgents who had be- 

 Heraklion and other places disperse* 1 to their home* 

 to attend to the crops. On July 24 Djcvad Pasha, 

 former Grand Vizier and once Vali rived 



to assume command of the imperial troops in the 

 island. This caused an effervencenc. mcnt 



among the Mohammedan population, l.ut there was 

 no serious recurrence ..f violence, the Bashi-baaoiilu 

 having been disarmed and the desperate char.. 

 arrested and deported. The Kuropcan troops n.w 

 marched thron. -untry nnmole-t.,|. The 



irregular troops in the outposts, composed of Mo- 

 hammedan Cretans, were replaced by Turkish 

 lars, who effectually n\ 



surgents promised the admiral- not to cut off the 

 water simply of Candia. Some attempt was made 

 to extend the gra/ing areas. When th. 

 posed to send war shifts and troop*, to Crete the 

 admirals announced that they would not permit the 



vessel < a. The proposal to 



1 (lie military "zone round Candia. which 



in order to cnaMc some of the 



refugees in the city to settle down in their home- 

 again among their Christian neighbors and 



thu- : .\;ird the n-M,, ration <.f peaceful 



\ the IM-i. . coli- 



dilimi that the international troops -hoiild form the 

 outer line. Col. Chcrm-idc. however, had not 

 Ji troops for the purjMise. and he found that 

 the M..hammed.. anxioii- t han t hc\ had 



been to return to their fa; opi hud al- 



ready I "-en gat : ' hri-liaii-. The plan was 



!"iied. ''I' 1 in Aiiu'ii-: 



!TJ Italian. l.HHI Russian, I.'-'.'-" l-'ivm-li. 

 600 Austrian, and 11 (o-rman troup- m thei-land. 

 while a l-'ri iieh. an Italian, and a KII ian battalion 

 in ivadines- to <-nil>. The Turk- 



i-h regular I r" 

 niimlicring from .V"o to ''<'<> m.-n. 



I he i retail \sseinhh. ( n their dn 

 from ' -,d the late ( 'oii-ul-( ieiieral 



(Jenii. _ a- tin-ek r'\al e. .in m i joiier. called 



upon the Cretan- t<. nominate men 

 lutionary assi-mlily and to elect a provi-iona. 

 ernment, with the mandate of earning on the ad- 

 ministration and national policy inii 



The const itllelicics. however, de-pail Ilii: of union 



with (ir.-ecc. in-tructcil their delegatefl 

 tin- proffered autonomy and di-cu-s it- detail-, with 

 the proviso that the Turkish troops should he with- 

 drawn. The admirals ciicoiira-e.l the holding of 

 the A-seiulily and offered to ci.n-ull with th- 

 gates asa rcpre-eiitat i\e 1 --ingthc<i' 



of the Christian pojnilation. There was a long 

 struggle vert lie place of meeting, which \va- finally 



i.led by the Assembly sitting for the lir- 

 In Armani, s village of Apokorona, the o 



of the warlike agitation in the west. < h it 



\\a- to l>e held among the moderate and pacifically 

 di-p<.-ed ea-tern Cretans in the village of Ark' 

 The western districts wen- very mu<-h o\.rrepre- 

 -ented. Imt their delegation- \\erecut down l>\ the 

 A mlily so as to make the i ion of the 



east and west more nearly e<jual. 



The Christ ian delegates met at A rmeiii on Jul y 

 10, and. a-suming the slyl.- of the (..-neral In- . 

 tionary Assembly of Cretans, elected Dr. Sphaki- 

 anaki. President', and Dr. Tsouderoii- and M. A. 

 Criari-. X'ice-I'residciits. The delay in a ernliling. 

 due largely to the neglect of the < 'retail (jin-st ion I.y 

 the powers during 1 1 ion-, had 



the Athenian committees a ch. nine their 



influence over the Cretan delegates, many of whom 

 during the long weeks of t.reliminary negotiations 

 had to depend on the Greeks for the mot. 

 their lioard. The delegates were warned I.y their 



not to declare for the pr:' 

 autonomy, and to in-jst \\ the withdrawal of the 



Turkish troops as a preliminary condition of any 



atioiis; then, after the last soldier had <!- 



1. to ask for union with ' :,d. failing 



this, to abate their demands gradual I 



cupatibn on the model of Bosnia, next independent 



autonomy, then autonomy under the suzerainty of t he 



Sultan, u'ndcr conditions to !e decided hy a" newly 



I Asseml'ly. and la-t the continuance of the 



.. 'I !;. isrii,. \ai imiist party was not nuni' 



in the Assembly, though resolute; a large s-ction 



was undecided. 'and preferred waiting till the con- 



ii of the (ireco-Turkish jeace negotiations; 



while opposed to either policy was a strong auton- 



party. willing to accept the sett lenient offered 



I.y the powers on condition of the withdrawal of 



theTurkish garrison. The annexationists carried the 



AssemMv with them in the beginning and induced 



.in address to the Athens committee and 



