386 



AFKUA. 



trato, or private person who detained against his 

 will ' slave committal 



against Brm-h law. Mr. llalf.uir. the leader ..f the 

 ifouse, gave the assurance that it \v,.ul<l u- made 

 clear to the doinfctoatta ..nVe r - m Ka-t Africa 

 that no breach of the law would u- parmitlafL 



I i r ii.l.iiion ..i ti,,. i ami \ in... i Miupany. 

 The inperial I >-t Africa Company was 



w..imil up u Max. ls;. with a net loss . 



}.?.IMI ..f capital jwiid up. The shareholder! 

 received * return of !.. Hi/, in tin- pound. They 

 pleaded in \atti with tlu- hnjK-nal Government for 

 a reconsideration i>f the red and finally 



' .".IMKI n-turned to 



the com pany. 300,000 was paid by tin- Sultan of 



Zanzibar f.r hi concession ami only 60^000 came 



from the British treasury. They were comforted 



n that what they hail done was their 



it- duty, but this did DOl alleviate tin- sense 

 hat they f,-it toward the Government 



itl to administer a limited territory, of which 

 M-d it woulil receive peaceable posses- 

 sion, the company had first resisted at its own cost 

 the aggression of a foreign state, obtaining a coast 



f 400 mile* from Wonga to Julia, and then in 

 response to public opinion it had extended it-ojKjra- 

 lions 800 miles into the interior as far us Uganda. 

 The Government of the day to a certain extent 

 recogni/.-.l the j* -sit ion of the company bv propos- 

 ing to build a railroad. After the survey had been 

 made at the company's expense, in 1892 another 

 Government came in, which would neither allow the 

 company to goon nor relieve it of its concession, 

 and finally, after a lapse of three year-*, determined 

 to get riil of the company before const ructin^ the 

 railroad. The efforts of the company were thus 

 paralyzed, and, having no further means to carry 

 OH such an enormous undertaking, it was reduced 

 to the necessitv of retiring after having secured 

 East Africa and Uganda as British [>ossessions. 



Zanzibar. The island* of Zanzibar and Pemba. 

 whirh were all that remained of the dominions for- 

 merly ruled by the Sultans of Zanzibar after the 



ii of the mainland between Germany. Q 

 Britain, and Italy, were declared a British protecto- 

 rate with the assent of France in 1890, and in Oc- 

 tober, 1891, a British administration was formed 

 tinder Sir L. Mat hews, acting nominally as Prime 

 to the Sultan. The present Seyrid, ,, r 

 Sultan, is Hamoiid bin Mahomed bin Said, who was 

 selected by the Kn-li-h to succeed Seyvid Hamed 

 I. in Thwain when the latter died suddenly, on 



J. and who was placed on the throne after a 

 fight between the Briti-h naval force- and the rival 

 claimant accepted by the people, in which the royal 

 palace was shelled and destroyed by the British* 

 fleet. The island of Xan/.ibar* has al*mt 150,000 

 inhabitants; Pemba, where the Arab aristocracy 

 raise cloves by slave labor, has 50,000. In Zanzi- 

 bar there are about 7,000 British Indian tr.. 

 and 150 to 200 Kn-li-h. Germans. Americans 

 Frenchmen, Greeks, Italians, and 1,'oumanian-. 



wn has a population of 90,000, The Sultan'- 

 revenue was formerly obtained from cu-toms du- 

 ties and taxes on cloves and other produce. When 

 the coast region belonged to Xan/.ibar a 

 ." ports and nn m <-ara- 



vans. After the lea- < Gi-rmanr 



paid the capital sum of 4.<N*UNio nmrks yielding 

 82,000 rupees interest, and the Bri: 

 Company paid 170.000 rupees a year. His total 

 revenue exceeded 1.000.000 rupees. When British 

 officials assumed the admini-t rat ion they fixed the 

 Sultan's rivil list at 120,000 rupees annually, ami 

 decided to devote all the rest of the revenue to 

 police, harUir improvements and public works. 

 The police and military number TOO men. 



The import- into Xan/ibar in !*!."> were valued 



ne from Briti-h 

 1 from the Sultan's dominions, ' 



itr'n :t. I'i'l.H'.:; Ir, .in (in at 



Brit;, in Germa: .' from the 



Netherlands I'^UTi from the United N 



'om Madax'a-car. Maurit in-, and the Comoro 

 Man in Brili-h Ka-l Africa. 88,141 



from Benadir ports, and i --m other coun- 



tries. There was an increase in American and In- 

 dian imp": those from Brili-h 

 : m tho-e from G.rmany. Tin- total 

 \alue Of tl was .'! .l!!i.s.| 1 j'n Is'.i;,. 



! of piece UO.H!S to the ( 'mil im-llt Wa- ' 



love,, IMG 119,744; 



885; cop! .Utehoilc. .;, 



copal. fiVis-j; hid tortoise shell. 



T.'l : I- \e stems, $0,0 ( J."i; sim-im. 'lilies, 



15; hip|.opotamus teeth, l" !.()-,' 7 ; all Othei 

 tid,->. Durin- IMC, ther. 



sels engaged in ocean commerce em, red at /. 

 bar, of which 70. o! us, were Briii-i 



of 84,884 tons, 

 ton-, \\cre French. 



\boiiti I si.n.-M. In 1878, andei pressure 



from the British Government, the Sultan of Xan/i- 

 bar signed a treaty abolishing the slave Iran 

 Bartle l-'iviv ha \ini: ut there for the pur- 



pose of obtaining this treaty. Other u 

 edicts were issued by the Sultan under successive 

 Briti-h representatives, the most notable bem- that 

 ..f Au-. 1, IS'.M). which SirC. Kuan Smith, the Brit- 

 ish consul general, thought would -o ameliorate the 

 condition of the .-laves that they need no longer 

 form objects of compassion on the part of humani- 



I, The lot of the plantation | 

 in Xan/.ibar and Pemba was scarcely improved, nor 

 was the slave trade suppressed, though British and 

 1-Veiieh vessels |iatrollf(l t he neighboring seas to in- 

 tercept slave dhows. By the edict of Seyyid AM 

 the sale of slaves or their tran-m ;.t by 



direct inheritance was forbidden. It was declared 

 that, subject to the conditions stated in the <! 

 all slaves lawfully possessed at the time should re- 

 main with their owners, and that their status should 

 remain unchanged and their possessors could not 

 be deprived of any rights enjoyed under the decree 

 without receiving compensation. The proportion 

 of the slaves lawfully held in 1S1K) mu-t have been 

 small, as their life* on the plantations is much 

 shorter on the average than the time that had 

 elapsed since fresh importations wen- made illegal. 

 Out of a total -lave population of MO.(HM) not more 

 than 7.IMK) were believed to be lawfully held in 

 ^lavery at the beginning of 1W 7. After Xan/.ibar 

 became a British protectorate and the Government 

 was Controlled in all particulars by the Briti-h For- 

 ei-n urtici- the ant ('slavery and reli. :iii/a- 



tion< became clamorous for the aU.lition of da 

 in Xan/ibar and Pemba. where it existed in it< 

 crudest form and where the Arab slave-rail> 

 Africa found their chief market. Sir Arthur Har- 

 dinire. tin- con-iil general in Xan/.ibar. opposed such 

 isure, but the home (iovernment felt con- 

 ed to act under the pressure of public opin- 

 ion in KiiL'land. Accordin^l Isbury, on 

 ,Yb. Id. ]N;:. jn fulfillment of piedp-s sent I 

 patch recommending to the Sultan of Xan/.ibar the 

 abolition of the lepil -tatu- of slavery in his do- 

 minions. Thi< resulted in a decree abolishing the 

 leiral -t; t tu- of slavery in Xan/.ibar and Pemba. 

 I on April 6, 1897, to take effect from that 

 date. The preamble of the decree -et forth that, 

 owing to the lapse of years and other cause 

 number of slaves legally imported and held in the 

 islands had greatly decreased, so that many estates 

 had gone out of cultivation ; that the existing sys- 



