KUYI'T. 



exceeded those of 1895 by 615.000. The 

 crop was 80 per cent larger than nnv pm-edin. 



and Ship:: M.IHNI. ,,f which 



t to the I nitcd States, ami 2? 



percent, to Kn-Jand. C..M..H \p--rt-. wm- smaller 



in quant it- :rt.ouo more 111 ralue than ih 



The crop of 180? L 

 that of IBM. Cotton seed. wool, ami henna showed 



. "iT. ,,\ving to 



quarniitMi. meaMire* again-t . h.-l.-ia. The tobacco 

 and cigar. has ,, n-awxl steadily since 



180S. and in 1* there w :*0 thousands of 



reighing 858 tone, of which iw 

 went to (irvai Britain and 90 to < i< nnan y. oft In- 

 total im|N>ris amounting to II' 

 Britain and Bn'i-h possessions furni-h< 

 000. Turkex lvJ.a5'.UNH>. Fnu and 



Austria, Belgium, b'u--ia. Italy. (MTIUHIIX. 

 far U-.'.md. Of th- exports, valued 



Britain an. I British possessions to- 

 (Km. lit;-ia f 1.. MM KM i. France and French colonies 

 :'i.>oo. thel'tnted States 951,000. and Austria. 



rlnnd. Turkey. Italy. (Jcrinany, Spain, etc.. the 



mler. of ihr total foreign trade, 



' 



was with Kngland. lo-ii-l percent. with 1 ': 

 10-29 per cent. with Turkey. . '-'ill. with 



Russia, 4: :. with UM t'nited Stairs ami 



the remaining 1 nt. wa- divided am-. in,- a 



-.tries. The trade with Ihr I'nited v 

 owing to the sugar shipments. was double that of 

 the previous year. 



Navigation. I>urinir 1895 there arrived at Alex- 

 andria 2,898 vessels, of 2,206,6(5? tons, and < 

 W89 Teasels, of -..M'.'J.'MU tons, of th.-an-iv:,.- 

 of 899.015 tons, were British : i:i?. of 286,009 tons, 



Turkish: i:o.,,- 



829 tons, Austrian : 188, f -J-J:', tons, Italian; 

 79, of 156,984 1<: .n ; 40. of 49,280 t..n>. 



wegian and Swedi-h: 2<. of 42.268 tons, (ierman : 

 f 80.810 tons, Greek; r. of K.-l 11 tons. Danish ; 

 . B.-1-ian: :?. ..f 2.?( tmis. Spaiii-h ; 

 and SJ. of 4,171 tons, of oth-r natiotmlitii-. 



( umiiiiinirutions. Tho Kgyptian state railroad* 

 had a total length at the <-nd of 1896 of 1.143 miles. 

 TlM-rc were 9,854,000 passengers and 2,498.000 tons 

 of goods trans|M>rti-d during 'l"t year. The gross 

 receipts w r- I 1. 1.820,970, and the working ex- 



n. -t n-.-cipts j I-;, l.- 

 088,040, equal to .*>? JKT cent, of the total receipts 



The state telegraph* had at the end of 1- 

 total length of 2.20JI miles, with 8.450 miles of wir--. 

 The nuiiilNT of messages sent in 1896 wa 



TbaBgTpttaa post office in 1895 carried 10,470,0 

 intenial and 4.2^4.0INI international lett. r< and 

 al cards, 4.800,000 internal at " interna- 



tional newspapers, et<-.. and 4.V>.(NN) orders and re- 

 mittances, of the amount of I K. 1;.400,000. 



MU-Z Canal. The number of vessels that passed 

 through the canal in 1895 was 3,434. oi 

 tons, of which 2.:J1M. of 8,882.075 tons, were Brit i-h : 

 878, of 1.005.051 tons, were l-Vi,.-h : :514. r.f \f, 

 tons. w<-n- (J.-rman : I'.i-J. .,f were 



248.985 tons, were Austrian; 78, 

 M.858 tons, were Italian: :,:. of Mr..'*?? tons 

 were Norwegian; 88, of 140,07 tons, were Span 

 ifth: 89. of 187,288 tons, were Nubian: :{:. of 

 51.954 tons, wc-n- Turkish: :{. of 6,090 tons, were 

 iffnese: 5, of 4,606 tons, were American : 2. 

 ' tons, were Egyptian ; 2. of :?.JMI ton SW ere 

 Japanese; 8, of 8,188 tons, were Swedish; l."f 

 tons, was Danish; and 2. of ; ci.i- 



The receipts amount*.: : 149. The 



number of passengers who went through the canal 

 was 216,986. The share and loan capital and sur- 

 plus expended on the itnpr-.v. m, -nt of the canal 

 amounted to 610.298.??0 francs at the end of 

 The net profits in 1805 were 41,969,014 francs. 



Internal \ fl'iiir*. -The Knu'lish have made 

 progreai m assimilating the judicial system of t he 

 roiintry. as \\ell a> the administrative servic 



Kuro|H>ail models. I nnn-h the l\i:\ptians 



resent the rule of tl. pa and the i-xpli.ila- 



intrx l-\ l-'.mopcans whose com iiier- 

 ( ial nietho<ls have deprixed a larije pi-.-port ion of 

 fellahin of their heredit.. they would not 



return to the old MM em of al>itrar\ tyranny, under 



whiehthi --oiild insult, flojr, and imprison 



their .Mt|| inmunity. the nllirial> from the 



Khedi\e down datpoiled the fellahin at \\ill.pal- 

 \orites and public functionaries turned all the 

 Nile water upon their own lands and forced ihe 

 fellahin to di- eanaU and make r<>ads and einliaiik- 



inelits for the benefit of their la I'-' Milder 



the r ' in. juti<-r \\ a-^ pu rdia-al .le, public 



offices were uiven to the hi^he^t bidders, the miidirs 

 exacted ran-. m from tl>< m.taliles under 



threat of punishini; them on trumped-up ch 

 and the li\e- of privi re at the 



of the administrative authorities, who put them to 

 death or exiled them without any form of law. 

 1'ndcr the expensive British cunt ml. taxation is Mt 

 to b< i i- only a third 



of the mult ifarious taxes formerly imposed I 

 in-trad .f I' I-'.. -U. Corporal puiiishment is so thor- 

 oughly abolishe.'l I hal the hl-li. -I ( iovrrilllicllt olli- 

 cial can imt arbitrarily molest a field laborer. The 

 inviolability .f pro|ierty is so secure that the Khe- 

 dive himself can not take a f.-ddan of land unless 

 he buys it with the owner'- con-cut and pays for it 

 in full. The poorest fellah enjoys t he same ri^'ht 

 of water a< any sta!e dignitary. OlVh 

 Mowed on the ground "f capacity. The professional 

 tax paid by merchants and manufacturer- ha- been 

 removed. No one is above the law. and a- to the 

 administrative forced labor, which formerly existed 

 all the year round, it is demanded only in ca 

 public dan over, the irrigation works have 



bean greatly improved, n cuiti\ati. 



tended proportionately, and the growth of cotton 

 doubled since the Mrit ish occupation. 



The improvement in the administration of in- 

 tice was be^nn before the Ilritish occupation by the 

 institution of the .Mixed Tribunals in ls7G after 

 eiu r ht \eai-- of negotiations between the I'iuropean 

 pow.-rs who surrendered to the-e courts the rights 

 of c.,nsular jurisdiction enjoyed under the capitu- 

 lations. The K try pi i an (iovernment wa- de-irons 

 of havinir Indapenaent court- admini-ter some uni- 

 form system of jurisprudence for its own p 1 

 lion, as some of the consuls had enforced all 

 of imaginary ami exau'irerated claim- in behalf of 

 foreigner- a-ain-t the Khedive and the (I, \ em- 

 inent. Nubar I'a-ha. the originator "f tlie idea, 

 proposed tr. have the-e courts, to be, composed of 

 eoiial number- of foreign and native judtrcs. adju- 

 dicate upon all ijue-ti.uis. civil and criminal, inter- 

 national and native, in the hope of edm-ati' 

 cnlitrlttened native i> . trained in the prin- 



ciples ,,f French law. lint the con-entin^ j 

 in-i-ted that mixed civil rases alone should be I 

 and that a majority of the judges should be Kiin-- 

 pean-. The six ;rreat p nri-ted on ap- 



pointintr H the foreign jnd^'e- in the Court of 

 Appeals, and each two judges in th< <-.,urt- of fii--! 

 in-tance. The other Kuropean judges were cl 

 from the secondary powers most ly from norlhern 

 Kurope. A full bench in the Appellate Court was 

 fixed at five Kuropeans and three native*, in the 

 our', al three Kuropeans and two native-. 

 The emoluments were placed at a hiirh fijrnre, to 

 attract able jurists. The judges appointed were 

 men of the highest leg ue, who worked labo- 



rioii-ly arid orirani/ed a <y-t<-in of jurisprudence that. 

 was admired in all countries, and served to instill 



