GEOGRAPHICAL PROGRESS IX 1897. 



worshiper*. Hut the commission had n<>t much 

 dirtieulty in finding the M.im-e. They w 



d at not limlum theelrvatinn of the v 

 source* greater. the highest recorded > 

 feet. The adjacent country was mountainous, but 



, -*.vIcd 3 



In the wcotern Sudan tin- KnUkoro has been 

 ^.u^'hont it* length and it* mutability 



-t eX|H-d.tio,,. which in 

 V8 descended the stream in a little aluminium 

 steamer. M. Hourst ys thai Harth. notwithftaod- 

 ir, mi I more thai have pa 



^tll held in pleasant remem- 

 brance by the i Nation, esp. .-ially by the 



Tuareg. 



the Cameroon* Lieut Baron v. Stein discov- 

 ered lately a -mull lake named Lim-a-i or Ossa, 



nortt. >wr Saoafa, aad oooMoted with it 



by a narrow. tortuous channel. 

 About .Ian. i apartyc f Acting-Con- 



i'. Phillips and other officials ami civili- 

 ans together with a number of Kroomen and na- 

 ;rriers, set out unarmed from the coast to go 

 to Benin City on a peaceful errand. It wa- 

 nted n the frontiers of the chief of Benin ' 



rounded. ami captured. All tin- 

 white men in the party except Capt. Boisragon and 

 Mr. I xtcke were killed! The kini; and the country 

 ii f..r most terrible barbarities, and 

 human sacrifices are common there: the city i- 

 to be the seat of a powerful theocracy of fetich 

 priests The kins and his chiefs were trie 1 for the 

 massacre. Three chiefs were convicted of murd'-r 

 and sentenced to death, and two were shot, while t he 

 third committed suicide. The kin;; denied That he 

 had anything to do with tin- crime, though he was 

 reported to have said previously that he would kill 

 the next white man found in his city. ('apt. I. -i-- 

 ragon ha- published a book giving details of the 

 tragedy and describing the count ry. 



The nt between France and Germany 



upon the boundaries of To^oland. the (ienu.ui 

 . weM of Da!i ret to it the island 



Bayof in the south, and in the north (iatnbaga and 

 Sansanne-Mango. the northern boundary being the 

 eleventh parallel. On the west is the neutral terri- 

 tory indudiiu; Jendi and Salau'a. (ierinuny resigns 

 the daim fnran extension to the Ni^.-r based on 

 . le by Dr. (miner and Lieut, von 

 Carnap, and makes no further claim to Hor^u. 'Jur- 

 ma, u . The n. Mitral /one i- in the bark 



country of the Kti^li-h and Herman colonies of the 

 Gold Coast and Togoland. the boundaries of whi-'h 

 were created by an Amrlo -<i.-rmau agreement of 

 1888. lU position j indi<- a ted on oflicial map- by 

 a square of which the northern limit i> the tentli 

 parallel and the southern limit lies about 10' above 

 parallel, the western limit IMMIIJ; drawn 

 through 1* 15' west of Greenwich, and the ca>ti-rn 

 limit through 85' east of Greenwich. An I 

 ment wan made between Kn-land and Germany 

 that this zone should be left neutral for (onvrii- 

 ience* of trade until - i<-h time as the .-..lonirx 

 should be more definitely d.-limit.-d. France was 

 not a partv to it. There is still a conflict of claims 

 between Prance and Kngland. 



vmour V:, dfseribes the capital 



f Hida as follows : -The main thorn,, -hfan-* 

 are fairlr broadband lead from one gate to another. 

 bordered by ^rat inclosures and c-om|Kmnds -ur- 

 rounded by lofty wall* excellently made, and often 

 18 feet in height, and the doonraj 

 cases roughly carved ontwde. The walls of the 

 largr are very massive, and often th. 



of the room* an? arched and supported on pill 

 black clay. whi<*h is p.li-hel and look* exa'-tly like 

 atone. Outside of the late Kmir Meliki s palace 



lies the slave marl-el, where formerly it was com- 

 mon to see 200 slaves exposed of aii .-scum- for 

 sale to the highest bidder. The cut ranee to the 

 palace 18 covered with a hi^'h dome made of bam- 

 boos resting 011 thick \\all-.and supported at the 

 l..,ttom b\ \v..Mli-ii pillars. I'.eiw.-u 



the main roads of Bida there i> a m-t \\ork of n.-n- 

 row street > \\ it i. each side, and thei, 



m.in\ mo-jnrs. tluiu.u'h n<.in- i.f anysi/e or impor- 

 tance. \ -' !. am leail- I" I he \\ alian-i creek, \\ hidi 



in (he rainy season gives boat communication uith 

 the Nmer.' hida i- an intm-tin;; place, \\ilh its 

 school:- and institute an\ l>o! 



boards with Arable \sntiiiu r . al-o a \ery t;. 1 

 old lion skin with a plan and some Arabic char- 

 acters on it. were found here. There are nun 

 d\e pitx iii the town, and ind. a \alualile 



article of commerce. The people are great w<> 

 in leather, and make very p.ud sa-Mh-. 

 and slippn> : they are also workers in ^lass. 

 are \er\ ropefftiuOUs. and carry charm- \\rapped 

 up in little leather and leopard-skin ca*es ; and th.-y 

 tried to brin^ r di^i^ter upon u^ by plant inj; 

 little sticks with writing on them in the pat: 

 llorin. though not nearly so impo>in^ a.s Bida. 

 sermed to cover an immenVe area. and. I afterward 

 found out while employed in making a plan of it, 

 i^ nine mile- in circumference. an<: n the 



northeast, is surrounded by a dilapidated mud 

 wall. From the many gateways well > 

 lead in all direction* feOTOSi t lie open grass emintry." 

 According to a German traveler. ( apt. l.an^lield, 

 Rikwa, or Leopold, east of Tanganyika, has 



almo>t di-appeared. He made a joimie\ throu;li 

 the region in January and l-'cbruary. l^'.'T. anil was 

 told by the native- that about six years ap- tin- 

 lake was >o dried up that only a pond n n 

 with ejreat swamps in the southeastern part of 

 wlmt had been tin- lake. Other t ravder- ha . 

 ported that the lake >eemed to be drying up. 



Poulett Weatherly. who ha iveling for 



some years in Central Africa, has written a I. Her. 

 de-eriptive of a vi-ii ma<le recent ly to Lake I ' 

 weolo, which throws some new li^'lii n ; 

 phy of this part of Africa. "The Luapula." he 

 writes ' up to the falls Mambilima No. 1. or John- 

 ston's Falls, inu-t be delightful. Frm win-re 1 

 struck it, 30 or 40 mile- south of Kiny;r 

 cut T.oina, you ^-et delightful 



and bel.,w eli.-h of those reaches are rapid- without 

 end. There seems but little deviation iiMt- < 

 It is, in most parts, tremendously broad." When- it 



- HaiiL'weoln it i- fully a mile wide. (Jiraud 

 put it at 'JoOf.et. \\"hat surpn-ei me i-. that the 

 adjoining curious lake. Chifunanti. should ha 

 cape<l notice, but I faii-\ me saw it. and 



thoutrht it llan.irweolo. Jt i- one to three miles in 



::h. and runs the whole length of Bang weolo. 

 Lifangwe is marked a* an island: it i> an i-thmus 



of White -and hilN. :{() to r0 feet above the lake 

 level, and 4^K) to 6(K) yard- in breailth. e\tendini: 

 from a little to the west "f the Liposoehi. ri^ f ht 

 away down till it merges in the south -h- 



reol . I'.anirweolo i- distinctly wr-.n^. It i> 

 .veiilu. meaniiiLT. 'There where water and -kv 

 meet.' A native point- and says. I'lu.' in 

 intonations, according to the di-tance. extending 

 one arm and snafipinj: his finders. The \v) 

 the east and northwest .hor. imp. The 



whole way from the Luapula to Kirui i- a wall of 



-us"' 



me notable di-eoven'c- were made in c.-i 

 Africa by .Mr. II. S. If. Cavendi-h. w 1 

 journey through Sornaliland in September. 

 and was c ear. AUmt UK) miles a> 



Lak. lie found a remarkable salt crater 



1,300 feet deep; while south from it, and afterward 



