ANY. 



uct was 41,813,000 marks ; of lead. 10.050.000 marks ; 

 of eupi-T. :.615,000 



narks. The flni>hed iron produced was 5,901,220 



i : lie. llavaria, at the iion-prodtt- 



ounines. Woolen manufactui 



in some of the Prussian i.r.. m.-.-v 1'iit ha* its chief 



Westphalia ami Mle-m prodoos 



linens; eottOO gOOdl an- manufactured in Alsace- 



.:ne. ll.>td<-n. and \VnrlemlMTg: mid the >ilk 



textile industry is followed in Ikhenish Prussia, 



Alsace, and lladeii. <ila . }x. re. -lain, and earthen- 



M|ue,-d m Silesia. Thurin'.'ia. and Sa 

 i \v,H.d,ii war.- in WnrlrmU-rg an<l Ha- 

 vana: l--r in llavaria and Prussia; and sugar in 

 Prussia. limns* i- k and Anhall. Th- 

 331 metric i..n-* of raw sugar an. I :t!7.o!o ton- of 

 molaSMS ol.taiu.-l in 1*11:1 from II. n* of 



lad of refined sugar was 992,- 



.1 value <.f the sneriul imports in 1895 



was 4.246. 111. 000 marks. The \alue of the .1 - 



: manufae: rted was ::. 



070.000 marks The values, in mark-, of tin- \.. 

 classes of merchandise imports and export- in 1M).~> 

 a given in tin- following table: 



M* MBaVUM, 



Ur. animal*. 



Animal product* 



Art, ),< of consumption 



Oaadi and pJanta. 



sasr 



Glaa*. rtooe. and clay 

 Metals and metal ROW 

 Timber ami wood manufactures 

 Paper material* and manufac- 



Hide*, leather, and leather foods 

 Textile material* and manufac 



Rubber and rubber goods. ... 



Machinery and instruin.Tits 



Hardware 



Books and ob jecU of art. . . . . 



Total.. . 4.2 W.I 11. 000 8,424,078.000 



ioo,ros,ooo 



S49t.H01.000 



WJ.747,000 

 SJ6J08.000 





1.. >.'.>! UN. 



86,181000 



an.im.uio 



19.701.000 



tt,m^oeo 



868,718,000 

 81,4MMIOO 







181,668.000 



in.c.js.Mi 



lOJ.l^l.'N*. 



ii:*i. 173.0.10 

 8(M.H1.(100 



1,012,000 



The total value of dutiable merchandise imported 

 was 2.i:?.41:{.MKi marks on which l(M.rj;.MMi 

 marks of duties were collected, giving an average 

 rate of 18'8 f>er cent, of the value of the imports 

 Mibjeet to dutv. The value of imports free of 

 duty was 2.068.618.000 marks. The imports of 

 horses we: > Mj marks in value; of hogs, 



tt8MXX> marks; of whea-. 1 H.:,r>.oi><) mark-: of 

 .irk-: -.f barley, 89.845,000 mark-: 

 of coffee. S02.522.000 marks : ,,f petroleum. 61,640,- 

 000 marks; of hides and -kins 1 4:{.954.000 mai k- : 

 of raw co' ITO.OtX) marks; of wool, 'JJ7. 



988,000 marks: of woolen yarn. 1 lit. :',."". (KK) marks; 

 of raw silk, 99.069.000 marks. The values of the 

 risjeipal domestic exports were a. foil. 

 192307,000 marks; wcxilon fabrics, 150.700.000 

 marks: coal ami coke. 142.tti4.000 mark- : hosiery, 

 1 silk and cotton piece 

 good*. 108471,000 marks: hab-rd ..-h.-ry. 

 marks; leather goods. 89,570.000 marks; 

 010.000 mark*; cotton doth. &MJ42,000 marks; 

 aniline dyes, 68.156.000 marks. 



The gold and silver imjiorted in 195 had a total 

 value of 104.495.000 mark*; exports, i 

 mark*. Thfl participation of the various cont 

 in the commerce of tho (Jerman cu-toms union is 

 shown in the following table, whirh gives the 

 values, in marks, of the imports from and the ex- 

 ports to each country in 1895: 



Tin- rapid derelopmenl of tlie industry an 

 port trade of < o-riiiany during a quarter of I 



tury. more rapid than that of the I H 

 whieh is not hurdeiied with military armaim-nt-, 

 and much more rapid than that ..f I-ji-land or 

 France, is attriluited in Kngland larp-ly to th- 

 tem of technical and practical education in 

 many, which has converted the (icrman- into an 

 Ingenious Mid enterprising industrial nation at the 

 same time that they have maintained and dcveloprd 

 their gn-at military e-tal-li-liment. M..IV tli.-r 

 other prop!,- they have snlvnl the prolilein Oi 

 ence applied t<> indii-t rv, <-oii-t ant 1 v r.-\ isjn^ their 

 jii-oc.'vxrs and making daily pro-iv--. Tip \ 

 gained a hiirli nlaee in metallurgy, ami in ch'emical 

 industries the leading position. \\x merchant- the 

 (Jermans take more pain> than the Kn^li-h or the 

 l-'reneh to study the requirements of their cu-toni- 

 .T- and to adapt their mercantile method- and 

 the character of their ^..od- to all d or 



liad. and to the customs and national prejudi* 

 the people niiion^ whom they trade, never trying 

 to scnool the habits and consumption of then 

 tomers. Considerable sums are s,-t apart in the 

 I'ru-ian budget of is'.is for the exten-i,,n of tech- 

 nical schools of spinning and weaving, the estab- 

 lishment of new ones, the education of t.-a.-hersof 

 spinning, weaving, dyeing, and dre in-;, the ac- 

 (piisition of model machinery, and tin- erection of 



laboratories. There are six schools devoted to the 



education of manufacturers and factory man.. 

 The schools in the different indu-trial centers are 

 occupied chiefly with the branch of manufacture 

 predominating in each liM-ality. as silk and velv.-t 

 in Crefeld. linen in Sorau, cloth in Aix-la ( 'hapdle. 

 mixed woolens in Merlin, mixed jute and cotton in 

 Miihlhcim. etc. More than twenty schools gh 

 .struct ion in the cottage industry of hand-looin 



.1 flourishing in Prn 



The expansion of the (ierman exfiort trade has 

 . iTected without relaxing the hi^h tariff pro- 

 tect inir tin- home market. The commercial tr. 

 of which ten have Keen made since 1*!H. have |o\v- 

 r-d -pecjal duties for favored nation- in of: 

 secure n-cjprocal reduction- or prevent the in* 

 of foreign tariff- to the disadvantage of (lennan 

 ben, but the policy of the empire ha- remained 

 strictly protective, and the tariffs in force fulfill its 

 conditions. I'nder s,,,.}, tariffs, by their aid or in 

 spite of them, the relative positions of (iermany 

 and (ireat Mritain have been to a con-iderat 

 tent reversed i, f rrnerly the principal 



1 it Britain to (Jerrnany were manu- 

 factured articles : latterly they hare consisted h 

 ly of raw materials, of which a goodly froportion is 

 returned in the shape of manufactured good.-, not 



