860 



\T BIMTAIN AND [REL '. 



tlREAT BRII MN \MMIM I \Ml.a mn- 

 arcbv in western Europe, formed by the union of 

 the kingdom of (Jr.-at Britain (pompond of the 

 .Mgland. t! .. ilit> "f Wales, 



and the Kingdom .-f S-.-thuid. i-h the Kingdom ..f 

 Ireland, holding supreme dominion -\,-r the Km- 

 md d.-|ii-ndencicH and colonies of 



kr ,-ovrrniinr colonies, colonies ad- 



ministered by the rn.wn. and protectorates under 

 native rule the whole constituting the British F.m- 

 .:n i- the Qaeen-KaipVMi 



Victoria, U-rn May .-. 1M!. the daughter of Kd- 

 wanl. Iiiike of Kent. vh was the fourth son <.f 



<i.-..r.;-- ill. I:.' beir a Albert Ed ward, 



oof Wales. U.rn NOT. 9, I ^ J I . whose only >ur- 

 X son, George, Puke of York. born .1'. 



mage with Alexandra. Princess of 

 iK'iunark. . 

 The power to legislate for the t'nitcd Kingdom 



Xcept SO far as I- delegated t> local legisla- 



. for the whole British KIIIJ 



rest o<l in the British Par! n-isting of the 



of L<-pU and th- II DM of ( 'oimnons. 

 ers of the Hoi; 



spiritual lord*, who are the metropolitan bttOOOt of 

 tit sees in Kngland. hereditary peers of Eng- 

 land. Great Britain, and the United Kingdom. law 

 lords and life peers created by ign on the 



of the ministers, and fepres. ntativcs elected 

 from the Scotch and the Irish peerages. There 

 were 573 peers on the roll in 1896. The House of 

 Commons numbers 6?o memlcrs, of whom 4!."> rep- 

 resent En_ 9 "t'-h. and H>;{ Irish counties, 



boroughs, and universities. All elections, accord- 

 ing to an act passed annually by Parliament, are by 

 secret ballot. The number of electors who voted in 

 1888 wai 8.1!H-Ji in England. 447.501 in S,-,,tland. 

 and 220.506 in Ireland; total, 3,858,023. M 



. int-ii <-f the English, Scotch, and Roman 

 Catholic churches, Government contractors, sher- 

 iffs and returning English and Scottish 



peers, Iri 

 under the 

 the House 



ters called the Cabinet, representing the actual ma- 

 jority in the House of Commons, exercises in fact 

 the executive authority in the United Kingdom 

 ami in the empire that is nominally vested in the 

 Crown. The Prime Minister, who when a member 

 of the House of Commons usually fills the post of 

 First Lord of the Treasury, has the selection of his 

 colleagues and a large degree of control over the 

 administrative and legislative policy of the Gov- 

 ernment. The Cabin.-t formed on June 25, 1895, 

 by the Marquis of Salisbury consisted in the I 

 ning of 1897 of the following member*: Prime 



._'ii A flairs, 



I /rd Salisbury ; I^ord President of the Council, the 

 Duke of Devon 1 High Chancellor, Lord 



Halsburv; Lord Privy Seal. Yi^-ount Cross; chan- 

 of the Duchy of Lancaster. Lord James of 

 Her- t Lord of the Treasury. Arthur J. 



Balfour; Secretary of State for the Home Depart- 

 ment. Mr Matthew White Ridlev: Chancellor of 

 the Exchequer, Sir Micha-I E. Hieks-IVach. 

 retaryof State for the c.|onies, Joseph Chamber- 

 lain; Secretary of State for War. the Mar T 

 Lansdown,-: SecreUry of State for India. Lord 

 George Hamilton; First Lord of the Admiralty. 

 G. J. Goscben; President of the Local Government 

 Board. Henry Chaplin; President of the Board of 

 Trade, C. T. Ritchie : Lord Li.-m>nant of Ireland. 

 Earl Cadogan; I*.rd Chancellor of Ireland. Lord 

 urne; Secreta Hand, Lord Balfour 



of Burleigh : I mis^ioner of Won 



A ken*- Douglas: President of the Board of 

 culture, W. U. Long. 



returnng ngs an cotts 



sh representatives, and all paid officials 



e Crown are disqualified from sitting in 



se of Commons. The committee of minis- 



Area and Population. The area <>f the Tinted 



-piare miles. The r-timulcd 



it i-i, in 1890 was 39,465.7 'Jii. Knulnnd and 



B, with an area >f .>.:;!! square miles. tn- 



^-..tlantl. area iiiare 



1 id Ireland, area fliaie 



:-ulatioii of inner London 



: ..f the outer rin- i 



KM : ti-tal for greater London. ',.! ; ;.!i|::. The 

 popuhition ..f the (trincipal En.u r lili municipal bor- 

 iii 1896 was as foll<>\v- 



Mirmin-ham. :.<il;Jll : ! 



l 



ull. 220,844 : .ford, 



louth, i;- 



CardilT. H',-J.r,.Mi. In S-ollnml. (ila^'.-w had 



nlmbiiaiits in i^'.ui; Edinburgh. 278,514 ; and 



Dun. lee. 161.620. hublin. in Ireland, ha 1 ;U\\*\>\ 

 inhabitants in 1^!M : P,. -If.-.-' 



The nuuilM-r of mama-'-- in Mn-land and \\ 

 in l^.i:, WM -J-JT.H;:,: ,,f l-irth of deaths. 



568,578; excess of births. In S-othmd the 



number of marriages was ^x.oSii; ( ,f l.iri h-. 1'Jti. I") I ; 

 of deaths, S1.H04; excess of birth-. 1 1. :.!'<>. The 

 number of main. !_'- in Ireland "; of 



birth-. HM;.II:{; of deaths. s.j.:{j:, ; exceet of births, 

 J1.71^. I'p.m 1815 to 1895 the emigration fr-.m 

 the British Islands was U.-J.V.i>tiii. The en 

 tioti of persons of British or Irish origin b. 

 1853 and 1895 was 8,100,540, of wh-.i: 

 were Enu'Iish. L > .."ix"i.0(.'i Irish, and : -tch. 



Of the total number. 5,4 ,i-rated to the 



I'nited States. The number of Irish who emi- 

 grated fi-i.m Ireland from lsrl to the end of 



:!,651,128; the number who left Ireland in 

 1895 was -K7<>:;. The numlH-r of emiirrants. na- 

 tive-, and ! . who left the I'niled KiliL r d"lil 



in is6 was 296,053, of whom l.Tl.l'.'T u.nt ; 

 United SUites, 22,629 to British America, 10.'. 

 Australasia, and r|.Mi to other countries. The 

 emigrants of British and Irish origin numbered 

 HJ1.JI39, of whom in-j.sn:{ were English, : 

 Irish, and ]<i>; ( .i Sci.tch. The total cini.irrat ion in 

 l s '.i" wa- 'J71.77tj.aiid the immigration w. 

 leaving a net emigration of 96,098. The number 

 of emigrants of British and Irish origin ii, 

 was 1H5.1S1, from which 100.41H immiirra' 

 British or Irish origin inu-t be dedurted to find 

 the net native emigration, which was 75. 7- 



Finances. The estimated revenue for tin- 

 ending March 31, 1896, was 96.162,0(X). and' the 

 estimated expenditure wa~ 96 t:-. J'.H;. The actual 

 reeeipts amounted to Cl 01 .978,829, and the aotnal 

 disbursements to 97,764.:'>. r )7, leaving' a surplus of 

 i with one of j:r,r,.3il in 1805 



and a deficit of L'HJ'i. j:u; in is'.M. The net n-c-ipts 

 from custmns \> ' ; ' whidi |,.bac-o 



paid 746,194, mm 61,985,105, 



brand? C\.'.'.\ 1.7'J*. other spirits .f!R?(.<^\ \\ine 

 e 1,254.994, currants E109,102, coffee 167,678, rat- 

 Bins i"-"Jl.<;so. a,,,l ,,ther The 



e receipts w I. of which ti:, 



rue from spirit-. ll<'.; \*-\<i from i 

 'rom lic-i from railways. 



; 1 from oth- r -..un-i-s. The yield of the . 

 duty : of the probate duty, ,!HI 



of th- 51 : of the' 



duty. 1,051,512; of the corporation dut 

 total. I'll ' pa bp.ii-ht in J?.:!::'..'J:{1 : 



the land tax. t dutv. I' : 



948; the income and propertv tax. 11V.'- 

 The total yield of taxes was ' 0, .md the 



revenue from other SOUP UK;, making the 



total net receipt*. l<i-,M3J.!!'!. "f the nontax 



revenue, f 11 . J(.").:',7<) came fp,m tlie p< M olTiee. 



2,835,749 from telegraphs, 019,008 from Crown 



