378 



GREECE. 



would at once withdraw its troops from the frontiers 

 and from Crete. A part of the Greek |opula: 

 Turkey placed themselves under rVnch protection, 

 the r. The German representa- 



tive at Athens assumed charge of the interests of 

 subjects of the Sultan in ti kingdom. 



Bulgarian Government declined todism: 

 Greek consuls at the demand of the suzerain j 

 The Greek note, delivered on April is. said that 

 Greece, far from proceeding to acts of host ility. had 

 suffered repeated acts of aggression on the part of 



British army at severaTpoints of the frontier; 

 that the Turkish army hail without provo. 

 marched forward on April HI to take possession of 

 the frontier post of Analipsis, and had failed in this 

 attempt to violate neutral territory only because of 

 the resistance which it encountered there. M. 



.tcincnt to the Iloule. a 



that the Turk- had in reality begun hostilities; that 

 war was not an object in it -elf. but a means of 

 arriving at an object in view, and aving 



exhausted all means and lost all hope of arriving 

 at the desired object by peaceful means, had pre- 

 pared for war. and. since the neighboring state had 

 declared war, mu-t accept it. relying on Greeks in 

 all parts of the world to come to the aid of the 



n that had instructed the Kastern and the 

 ni world in the principle of truth ami ju-tice. 

 and on the armv to do its duty, and gladly to face 

 death before allowing this sacred land to IN' dis- 

 honored. The Greek Government requested the 

 powers to withdraw their forces from Crete, in 

 order not to hamper the action of the Hellenic 

 troops in Turkish territorv. The powers decided to 

 ue the blockade aticl their joint occupation of 

 the Cretan ports. 



The fighting at Analipsis continued all night 

 and all the next day. and when war was declared it 

 extended along the line as far as Dama-i. The 

 Greeks advanced j M force through the Maluna pass, 

 which was held by a Turkish division, while an- 

 other division prepared to enter the pass of Keveni. 

 The Maluna pass became the center of the sn 

 and t "i men were engaged on the morning 



of April is. Hiza Pasha did splendid execution 

 with the artillery. The (ir.-eks who first entered 

 the jaw and surrounded the Turkish blockhouse 

 were driven back at the point of the bavoiiet, and 

 the Greek blockhouses, which were obstinately dc- 



1. were finally carried by assault after -e\. ral 

 charges. They were retaken by the (Jn-cks cap- 



: again, and once more retaken. The Turkish 

 infantry held the Greeks in check by an inc. 

 fire from Miind sheltering p-ck-. 'In the night 

 the tuzonoi had four times descended the - 

 toward the plain of Klassona. but as the Turkish 

 batta. i'lally came up they were driven 



back over the ridges, so that the summit of the 

 pass and the blockhouses standing there marked 

 the hue of the battle front. The capture of 

 Bfampa early in the day. but few trrv.ps l>eing 

 engaged, enabled the Turks to plant field 

 which silenced the Greek batteries and 



th.r... 



Turkish infantry -t niggling for the pos- 

 lesaion of the crest. The fight lor the summit of 

 the pass was for a long time uncertain, one 

 and the other alternately gaining possession. 

 Masses of infantry fought 'along the tops of the 

 hills all the way to Skumpa. It was not until the 

 Turkish batteries in the plain below found the 

 range of their Intrenchmeuts that the Greeks final- 

 ly began to retire. The particular battery that 

 was directed by Hi /A Pasha at a range of 3,000 

 Yards dropped shells into the Greek positions onlv 

 50 yards in front of the Turkish troo|. The 

 shrapnel fire from the Turkish batteries at a r 

 of nearly two miles was irresistible. Though the 



fended their p.-iti.>n- with the greatest 

 iiey could not stand up against the slow 



f the Turk-, and I 



ing they "asked them to cease their shell tire and 

 surrendered three of their outworks. The 

 of the upper pass, except one position, wa- th. n in 

 the | possession of the Turks. The principal tUMiiing 

 by the Turkish infantry \\as at Skumpa and 

 Dumenic.to the right of the pass. The (iiv.-ks had 

 small fortifications of earth and -lom. and. 

 a- they were superior in numbers, the Turks had 

 great difficulty in capturing the position-. Th,. 

 largest of the Greek blockhouses, being in ai 



posed jM'sition. fell carl\. !"arthi-r up. 



WM defended with magnificent courage, as Were all 



the principal po-ition- of the < . 



of the Turki-h infantry were al-o splendid feats' of 



courage. The aihance of the Turks in -kirmi-liing 



order t< within -l<> \ard- of th- 



less of their comrade- falling at their si.!. 



-d the Insensibility to Tear and scorn of d 



I hat struck fol> 'dents aS a 



|K-culiarity of the Turki-h soldiery. Om- of the 

 slain was Unfix I'a-ha. < i-hty year- ..Id. who. 

 having di -mounted in t he war w it h K'u-sia. in 

 on riding to the assault ;it the head of hi- 

 mand. The Turkish artillery was handled with 



the Utmost effectiveness. The shells explo.l 



exactly the right moment. The Turkish tl 



red at the battle of Maluna pass u 

 Jl.iMii infantry, or :'><> battalion-, be-id,- It field 

 bait. Karya and in the neighborhood of 



I'amasi an ei|ual number wen- fighting at tin- 

 time. The Turkish coinmandcrs at .Maluna 

 Nechat. Mcmdoiikh. and Haidar 1'a-ha-. under UK- 

 chief command of I'M hem I'a-ha. Ib- iliirrt.d the 

 operations with the utmost coolness and I 

 nnmeroii- -talT. compo-ed of the////, of the army. 

 The service of ammunition wa- | i..mpt and plenti- 

 ful, as there was an unlimited supply of i 

 The ambulance lervfoe belwe.-n the field an<l I he 

 hospitals at Klassona was remarkably expeditiom, 

 The infantry, as soon as they got under fire, 



led and advanced in skirmishing order, 

 keeping their line well while making 

 of eover and taking aim before II 

 Turkish discipline was exemplary. At six oVlock 

 the fire slackened, a shell bursting in one of the 

 Greek blockhouses having driven the la-t detach- 

 ment off the ridge. The height of Livadho. above 

 Skumpa, was taken earlier, and the Turkish in- 

 fantry between the two passes gradually drove the 



- down the slopes beyond Ligaria and back 

 toward Turnavo. Marshal Ed hem I'a-ha then or- 

 dered a heavy fire from nil the artillen 

 which had the effect of rolling back the <- 

 right, leaving the Turk- in p. e ion of the . 

 line of hill-. During the night the Turk- fortified 

 the positions tiny had taken, and when moi 

 broke they found that thefiieek- had n-trear. 

 the plain', with pi ion of the rear guard, 



which was p.-t.-d on a hill. The troop- had 

 fought for thirty-six hours without rest or nour- 

 ishment, but in' the night seven fresh halt;. 

 and several bat teri.-s of hor-e art ilh-ry came up to 

 relieve the tired Turks. During the morning the 

 Turkish artillery shelled with deadly execution the 



'ing columns on the plain below, scattering 

 their formations when they made feeble att- 

 to reply to the harassing fire. At noon Ilairi Pa-ha 

 -nt f.iur battalion*, to drive the rear guard from 

 its position. The Greeks made but a feeble i 



and many of them surrendered. Toward 

 evening the Tiirks began to bombard Tin: 

 They camped at night on the plain in the t<nts 

 abandoned by the Greeks. The Greek- < stablished 

 themselves on the last height neur Turnavo, w here 



