BSO 



(iKKKCE. 



h position was, however. c..mpn.mi- -d. f.-r tin- 

 Turkish forces fr..in N : Uaptani had joined 

 hands and outflanked tin* <:.. k n-iit. while the 

 .-n tu rued as a result of 

 operation* at KourUiovalli, and nothing but r 

 withdraw . M* nriiiy fr.'iu I 



i anil fonvd i. sunvnder. Tin- m- 

 nmii.: was accordingly gi\.-n in tin- rally 



.-.if. All order and discipline \ 



Mtlidn-w and concentrated on the 

 ius^ Idling to Uriasa,wheresoldier* and civilians 



MI Larissa 



cry wa rained that ihe Turkish cavalry wa* 

 ing.'and as it wont along the columns i: 



ami |>a*Mnt were soiled with insane 

 .turning t intenaN to tin- their rifles at 

 i U-tund and rushing n. 



in front. Cot Maxromi- 



chali nnd .tome of the other ollieers did their best 

 to Stop the 9tam|Hde. but many were as terror- 

 maddened as tin- men. The horses wetv tak.-n 

 from t In- gun* and ammunition wagons to enable sol- 

 uid irregulars to flee the f eral hun- 



l-ewonswereshot or trampled to death. There 

 was no rearguard nor any sen-en of cavalry, but in 

 the morning tin- (iivek artillery in tin- direct ion of 

 Turnavo endeavored to cover tlie retreat. The in- 

 sane terror infected the troops stationed in the 

 vicinity of l.aris*n. until they liegnn to break up 

 and flee in disorder, the rivii population being the 

 first to stain ]M'dc. Some sort of order was res'ored 

 when it was seen that the Turks 

 were not in immediate pursuit. The tJreek t: 

 at Mali and h.-reli. at lirst about 7,000. \\.n- n- 

 enforced during the dav till they were 12,000, about 

 equal to tin- Turks. The panic spread among the 

 tr-M.ps at Larissa and grew till there was no hold- 

 ing them as soon as the Turkish columns began to 

 pour through the passes into the Thessalian plain. 

 The Turkish advance was a tactical success, the 

 :iis arriving so that their heads were all in 

 line. The natural defenses of I-*arissa were slight, 

 only of the protection afforded by the 

 Peneios, but the defensive works erect el there" were 

 very strong. It was impo-Ml.. . to make 



a Stand when the army was so demorali/ed by fear. 

 A council was held at Athens, the r.-u'.t ofwhiofa 

 was an order from nmcnt for a general 



Ktreat to l'her>ala. i.'i miles away. 



The Crown Prince divided the army into three 

 .nd departed at the head of one of them. 

 While the troops were still withdrawing from I. . 

 the Turkish cavalry were at the outskirts of the town. 

 The retreat then degenerated into a disorderly 

 flight. The stores of ammunition and pr-.\ 

 in l-nrissa were abandoned, and many of the < , 

 guns wen* raptured, liakki Pasha entered I. 

 with his cavalry on the morning of April i?."). The 

 Turkish commanders effectually prevented any 



!.- Jb-eing Greek soldiers haul 



guilty of it, by shooting some of their men who 

 disobeyed the order to respect private pr- ; 

 In their mnreh through Thesnaly the Turks (lid not 

 take even foraire for their horses .if provisions of 

 any kind without paying the full value. The 

 Turk r- had made a go<*l military road 



through Maluna pawn, while 40,000 reserves were 

 sent on from Salonica. Ghazi Oman Pasha was 

 appointed to the supreme command of the Turkish 

 armr. but he did not supplant Kdhem Pallia in 

 the active command of the f-. r <n\y. 



k forees < .,,1,, , Titrated at Phersala num- 

 berel alout 40.(KH n. i ro\\n Pri: 



which was blamed for the ha-ty evacuation of 

 strong positions and the disorderly retreat of the 

 Greek army, wan reorganized. CoL Smolensk!, who 

 had safely brought back his column from Ueveni 



after being left far in the rear by the rest of the 



army, was appointed chief of Mali*, with i><>\\. T ;> 



the other officers. Aihen- \\a- on tne \ 



olution after ti. t the army from the 



frontier. The di>nii-sal of H,. 



eral staff helped to allay the evilcmciit . but the 

 1 demanded ihe recall of the Cr\\n 

 Prin ix. 



The Mini-ter of Man: the 



eastern >< | uad ron had iiem Inactive daring the ra- 



e, nl lighting. <>n April 'J7 tin- king called for 



.iion ,,f tin- ( abinet. \i. 1 1. lyant 

 fused to resign, and the King dismivM-d theCali- 

 inet after coiiMilting with the lea<h-rs of the other 



s. Th.- pnpuluce had broken into gunsmith*' 

 to arm themselves, and stoned the K 

 . .-hoiiting for a repnlili 



of the Iloulc was called. On April 'J1I M. Kalli. the 

 Op|K)sition leader, formed a Cabinet, as fol, 

 Prune Minister, heim-lrius Kalli: Minister of Marine. 

 M. Kuta\ia- : Mini- 1 - (fairs. M. >k-n- 



loudi ; Minister of \Var, Col. Tsamado ; Mini-' 

 I-'i nance, AnargvrosSiniopoiilo ; Minister of the Inte- 

 rior. G Theotoki: Mini-ter of .histic.. M. 



Triantaphyllako; Minister of Public Instruction. 

 .irapaiios. The powers consulted as 

 to the advisability of either offering mediation. 

 They decided thai they would not interpose as 

 mediators until their good oflices should be m> 

 by Grei-cc. M. Kalli. who had incited the popular 

 indignation by declaring that the retreat from Mali 

 and the abandonment of L.-iri a were entirely need- 



nd due t(. ignorance and cowardice on UK 

 of the staff and some of the brigade comma! 

 said that his policy would c"ii-ist in the ivorgani/.a- 

 ti.ni of the army." whose n-euperative f. 

 inexhaustible, and the re-establishment of order. 



tier with a -ali-fnctMi-y v.llltion Of the f. 



relations of the kingdom. 



Osman Pasha -tait,.,! for F.pirus with an 

 of :;o.(M>() men. jus it was desired to expel the <; 

 quickly, so that no Turkish territory should be 

 found in tlu-ir possession if an armistice or peace 

 were declared. The campaign \\a- vigorous! \ 

 ried on by the Albanian , .ml the lirst re- 



emenis that arrived. On April ijs they at- 

 tacked the (Jreek positions, which \\en- obstii 

 defended at first. As soon as the i >, 



1 from tlieir advanced position in the moun- 

 tain. the whole (Jreek line abandoned their sir 

 fortified positions in the pass and in a disorderly 

 mass took to flight, not stopping till they reached 

 Arta. the garrison* on t he way joining in the tern-r- 

 maddeiird throng. He fore dawn not a man of the 

 army of 11.000 men that had successfully invaded 

 Turkey and established itself in si 

 with 40 guns was left on the farther side of the 

 Araobl 



The ( i reek artuy retreating from the frontier left 

 In-hind them th 1 ill<- lines of d.-fciise and 



fell back on the line :;."" miles in 1. . ring 



the railroad and extending from Karditxa thr 

 Phersala and Vele-iino t. V.lo. Kanlit/.a was 

 abandoned as soon as the Tin ' Tri- 



khala. reducing the line of defense to 20 miles. 

 Kdhem Pasha turned his attention first to \ 

 tino. intending to turn the < I reek ri'_ r ht. Ha\ing 

 occupied northern Thessaly and brought thcil 



:he mountains, the Turks advanced their lines 

 until they again came in contact with the ( 

 who had reorganized their forces as well as thev 

 could on the new line of defense. In Volo. which 

 was thronged with 10.0(K) fugitive* from I. 

 the people were in constant dread of a Turkish at- 

 tack, and were hard 1~ 1 when the Ciovern- 



ment promised to protect them with the, fleet. On 

 the land side the truops fortified the town of \ 



