882 





war was the roost important. Repeatedly the Turks 

 charged across the level ground in a Imil <>f shrap- 

 nel ami up the steep inclines gainst volle\ :ng mus- 

 in a des|H-mtc :.. rush the Greek in- 



trench menta. They attacked the Greek i* M 



almost every point alone a line of over ivJ miles. 



ms 1m. I 

 fallen bark ami the Turk- lia>l o-ne partly round 



;.t that the 



t aone a 

 briade of 



Col. Mast ra 



the right Hank. the Greeks held nil their positions 

 ami h.t.i mill. -ted Car bearler losses than th< 

 sustained nearly 3.000 killed <>r wounded. a. 

 830 on their -ide. Ti;,. ,-nl.T to i n by 



r.iwn 1'rincr. who had declared that M might 

 surrender but would never evacuate, came tin 

 M a surprise, and threw the army into a state of de- 

 moralisation nll 'l anarchy like that whi-|i cn-ucd 

 after Mali. Here again' the mmander-in-ehicf 

 and his staff were the first to leave tin- field, and 

 ad "f "\eiing I'"- retreat, went 

 on ahead. * The Turk* for the lir-t time followed 

 up their vietrv. and <>n May 18 attacked the < 

 army at Phourka and Other position* in the othrys 

 ipelling it to retreat toward Mount 

 (Kin ami Thcrmopvia'. The Crown Prince . 



: hi-* beadaoaitan at Lamia. All the t: 

 in Athens left the I'incus for Thermopyla- umler 



Vassal, and the King was about to issue a 

 proclamation calling on the entire population of 

 Greece to take up arm* for the defense of hearth 

 and altar, when the Turkish Government declared 

 a truce. 



1'eae* Negotiation*. The Greek (iovernment 

 !.iy 10, at the time when the withdrawal of the 

 troops'from Crete was Informally announced, let it 

 be known that it would accept the mediation of the 

 powers, not by an official reuuot, hut by an infor- 

 mal verbal note addressed by the Cabinet to the 

 diplomatic representatives at Athens. The terms 

 demanded by the Turkish Government, according 

 to the first intimation, were understood to include 

 a war indemnity of 3.000,000 sterling, the cos-ion 

 ;ng with I'rcvcsa on the opposite 

 point ' "iiimand of the entrance to the 



Gulf of Arta, a rectification of the frontier a 

 rero that would give the summits of the mountains 

 to Turkey, and the abolition of the capitulations in 

 Turkey as applied to Greek subjects. The German 



-ninent insisted as conditions of European in- 



ition upmi the recall of the Greek troops from 

 Crete and a declaration on the part of Greece that 

 she would formally consent to the autonomy of 

 I'h - terms were accepted by the (Jr. . k 

 Government. M. Onou. the Russian minister, as 

 dean of the diplomatic corps presented a note oir.-r- 

 ing the mediation, with a view of obtaining an ar- 

 mistice and of smoothing the dinieulties exi 

 between Greece and Turk-y.of France. Italy. Great 

 Britain, Germany, Au-tria-lliingary, and ' Russia, 

 on condition that the Hellenic (Government should 

 declare that it would proceed to the recall of its 

 troops from Crete, adhere formally to Cretan au- 

 tonomy, and accept without reserve the advice that 

 the powers would give in the interest (.f j 

 The reply of the Hellenic Government declared 

 that it was proceeding to the recall of the troop, in 



. that it formally adhered to autonomy for 

 and that it placed the interests of Greece in 

 the hand* of the powers. On May 12 a coll- 



randum of the powers was handed to Tewfik 

 Pasha, the Turkish Mini-tor of A flairs, by 



Baron Calico, the Austrian ambassador, informing 

 rte that the powers had undertaken the office 

 of mediators on the agreement of Greece to the 

 conditions named above, and beggii -man 



Government to suspend advance of the imperial 

 troops and agree to a cessation of hostilities with 

 a view to negotiations for peace. The Greek Min- 



i-ter of Foreign Affairs, annoyed at the delay in 

 the arrangement of an annistlOt after Uiveee had 

 made the de-ired concessions, declared that thc< Jov- 

 crnment could accept no responsibility should fur- 

 ther bloodshed take | lace. \\ hich mi-lil be attend* d 

 .plication-. TI. nt an ac- 



knowledgment of the communication, and on May 

 . Vincniary note, in which wen- specified 



. liiilM be accepted as a 



of the negotiation., f.,r peace before an armistice 



1 be granted. These were an indemi;, 

 UUMM.IMN. the am Tlie-saly to Turkey. 



f the treaties by which (i recce e: 

 .rritorial rights in the" Ottoman Kmpin . 

 the signing of a cartel of extradition bet \\eeii tin- 

 two states. The note went <>n to declare that if 

 IhcM- terms were not accepted the Ottoman army 

 would continue its advance. The demand for the 

 annexation of Tin --aly was based on the fact that 

 that province was ceded to(irceceoii the ad\ ice ( .f 

 the p,, \\.-rx with the object of putting an nd to 

 brigan da u r '' and (Jreek iiienrsi..n- n D ter- 



rit..ry. but the appearance of Greek band- in ^ 

 donia for s..me time pa-t and the incursion 



mediately preceding the war had proved that the 



n had failed to terminate that state of things. 

 After the battle of Doiuoko t! incut 



protested in a circular note that, while it had ad- 

 hered to all the conditions imposed by the powers 

 and refrained from offensive operations, the Turk- 

 had taken advantage of the period of inaction to 

 prepare for a fresh attack, which hail found the 



Greek army in a position for which! incut 



would DOt accept the responsibility, since it was 

 due to the obligation- that it had undertaken not 

 to sanction further offensive movements. On the 

 evening when the Turkish army occupied the aban- 

 doned (ireek encampment at DomOKO the Sultan 

 sent orders to Kdem Pasha to cease operation*. 

 The Porte agreed to a suspension of hostiliii> 

 seventeen days after receiving a telegram from the 

 which said : " Kncouraged by the evidence of 

 sincere fiicndship and neighborly feeling which 

 exist between us, I take upon myself the ta-k of 

 addressing to your august sensibility the wish that 

 you will crown the I,. Met of your soldi, r- 



-ii-penHon of hostilities." In his answer the 

 Sultan asked the C/ar to take into consideration 

 that he wished for the friendly interveiit ion (.f t he 

 powers to assure the re-establishmen1 of pea- 

 suit ing in the safeguarding of the right < ami : 

 tige of my Government and the maintenan< of 

 general ()e*ace by the subsequent continual .security 

 of my frontier."" 



The enormous tnobilixatioii of the Turki-h army. 

 far out of proportion to the necessities of the 

 paitin. was still going on when the truce was con- 

 cluded, so that the army of occupation in Thessa- 

 ly was eventually i' .MM) men. 



'/his demonstration to Kun.pe of the mih 1 



of Turkey encouraged the war party in Con-tanti- 

 nople in the determination that no territory pur- 

 chascd with Moslem blood .should again be Mir- 

 r.-ndered to the unbeliever. Premier Ualli said 

 that the (Ireek (iovernment. since the richest prov- 



f (Jreece ha<l 1" '.ii< -d ami the h;> 



spoiled by war and there wen I^I.MOO refugees to 



Evide for. could pay IM> indemnity. (Jcrmany ob- 

 ed to the fixing "of the terms of peace by the 

 onean concert without their previous accept- 

 ance oy Greece, being anxious to safeguard the in- 

 terest of German bondholders and to introduce the 

 principle of an international control of (ireek 

 finances. England resisted the propo-al that tin- 

 Turks be allowed to remain in Thcs<aly until 

 B paid the indemnity. An identical note was 

 presented to the Porte on May *S>. in which the 



