888 



HAWAII. 



article it is stipulated that until Congress shall 



r the government of the islands all tlu 



judicial. ami military |->w, rs e\ervi-ed by the 



unit shall be vested 



in -ueh persons and exercise*! in -u.-h manner as 



f the United States shall duvet. and 



! 'resident shall have power t.> n iu<>\(> said otll- 



,nd till the vacancies so occasioned ; also Unit 



the existing treaties ..f the Hawaiian Ma:.d- with 



:n nations shall cease and determine, being 



rvplaced br such treaties as Bin may here-* 



after U-tween the United States and 



.n nations but that the inuiiiei|uil 



.ili.l". not enacted for the 

 fulfillment .f i hi- treaties s<, extinguished an<i not 



-Klent with tin- trvatV nor c-.mtrary i 

 Constitution of the United States nor an 

 treaty of the I - .tes. shall remain in 



until ress of the United States Shalt other^ 



vise drt. num.-. and until legislation shall lie m- 



:iding the United Stairs cu-toin laws ami 



reflation* t-> the Hawaiian I-land-. the existing 



customs relation- "f the Hawaiian Islands with the 



United States and other oountries shall remain un- 

 rhanpNl. Hy Artiele IV the public debt of tho 

 lie ..["Hawaii lawfully existing nt the date 

 <>f the exchange of ratifications, including the 

 amounts due t> debitors in the postal sa\ 

 bank, is assumed by the Government of the I'nited 

 States, but the liability of the United States in this 

 regard shall in no case exceed $4,000,000. and the 

 existing Government, so long as it is maintained 

 and the i Mincrcial relations of the Ha- 



waiian Islands remain unchanged, shall continue 

 to nay interest on the debt. In Article V it is pro- 

 that there shall be no further immigration of 

 Chines into the Hawaiian Islands, except upon 

 uch conditions as are now or may hereafter be al- 

 lowed by the laws of the United States, and im 

 by reason of anything contained in the 

 treaty shaft IK allowed to enter the United 8 

 from the Hawaiian Islands The sixth article pro- 

 vides that the President shall appoint five commis- 

 sioners, at least two of whom shall be residents of 

 the Hawaiian Islands, who shall as soon as is rea- 

 sonable and practicable recommend to Congress 

 such legislation concerning the Territory of Hawaii 

 as they shall deem necessary or proper. The 

 enth article provides for the ratification of the 

 by the President, by and with the advice 

 and consent of the .Senate. and by President Dole, 

 with the consent of the Hawaiian 'Senate, in accord- 

 ance with the Con-tit ut inn. and for the exchange 

 of ratification- at Washington as soon as po--jblc. 



Hawaiian ann-\at i-.ni-ts believed that the 

 country would have a stable government if incor- 

 porated in the American Union, under which it 

 would become more prosperous than in any past 

 l"Tj"d and the people would be more cont. 

 that th- United States would share in this pros- 

 perity. and would secure a naval station of inesti- 

 mable strategic value; that, in short, it is the mani- 

 fest destiny of the Hawaiian Islands to become a 

 part of the United States. The opponents nt an- 

 nexation in Hawaii believed that the Hawaiian 

 natives never would submit to the extinction of 

 national existence, and that they still look 

 forward to the restoration of the monarchy or a 

 native government ; that after annexation they 

 would have no voice whatever in the govern- 

 ment ; that the prosperity of the islands would be 

 doomed, because contnu t 1*W will not be avail- 

 able under the laws of the United States, and the 

 sugar plantations can not be profitably worked by 

 free labor; and that, as the Territorial government's 

 of tl- Mates, which would be the form im- 



posed on Hawaii, have invariably been incompe- 



tent. corrupt, and unjust, the people would be pluu- 

 : and harassed by political adventurers and 

 carpet bagger- in the event of annexation. 



'I I* .i-lature. which met on Sept. s 



in extra sc ion f.-r the purpose, ratified the treaty 



ananimons vote on Sept 10. but not without a 

 -t from the anti-annexationists, who called a 



maSS Ilie. | :in<l adopted n-olulions 



asserting that the native llawaiians and a 

 majority of the people of the i-lands were in d 

 Opposition to annexation, and fully b.-li.\ed in the 

 indcp .ml full autonomy of the i-lan<i 



in the cont in uat ion of the (io\. rntnent of Hawaii as 

 of a free and independent com ted b\ and 



under its own law-. 



P.iiti-h \niic\ation of Pacific |-| ;m <lH. 

 (ireat Britain in recent \ears hat established a pro- 

 tect..- .1 Dumber of outlying i-land- 

 which Hawaii ha-daim-. The occupation of John- 

 land was countermanded, and the Maud wa- 



acknowledged to belong to Hawaii on condition that 

 the right to land a cable i- conceded, if .1. 

 The Briti-h flag ha- b en raised over the PI 



group. composing the i-lands of Phn-nix. I'.irnie. 

 (iardner. and S\dnev. .lar\i- i-land ha- 

 dedared a Brit i-h protectorate. The uninhabited 

 guano island of Palmyra, -it uat< d l.non Hiii'-- -out h- 

 West of Hawaii, ha- fieeii claimed as a Brit i-h p- 

 session since isss, and in it i-h gnn- 



\i-ited it and hoi-ted the Brit i-h flag. 

 Hawaiian <M.\eniment has claimed tin- -aim- i-land 

 asa dependency by virt ue of it- di-<-"\ cry and colo- 

 iii/ation by it-'citi'/eii- in l s 'i.'. 



hi|lomatic IHsputes it|, .Ijipaii.- -The t 

 made between .lapan and Hawaii in l?-7l contains 

 the favored-nation clans*;, and under its provj-jon* 

 Hawaii can not prevent Japanese from com. 



the i-lands as free immigrant-. A law wa- passed 

 .hide lunatic-, pauper-, and persons liable to 

 become a burden on the community, and the man- 

 ner in which it wa- enforced led to a contr. . 

 with the Japanese Government. Another li 

 stricted the importation of contract laborers in a 

 manner which the Jftpane-e held to be contrary to 

 existing engagements. Although but few of 'the 

 Japanese now in the i-land- are able to r.-ad and 

 write either Kngli-h or Hawaiian, which 

 the qualification for the franchise, the Americans 

 feared that the continued settlement of Japan- 

 the Hawaiian I-lands and the influx of educated 

 Japanese would result in the tran-f.-rof the politi- 

 cal power to them and the adoption of such laws 

 as would make Hawaii a Japanese colony. The 

 fir-t mca-ure to rotrict the influx of Japanese was 

 a re ^ulation of the immigration commi-sioner i 

 in 1895 requiring planter- to import two third- "f 

 their contract laborers from China or from other 

 countries than Japan. The Japanese Government 

 asked an explanation. The free immigration of 

 Japanese not under contract and not of lin- 

 ing class, but many <.f them of the student 

 reached enormous proportions early in I 1 -!'?, when 

 in one week as man'* 'rived, and the 



lar increase was at the rate of from !>"" 

 month. Finally the Hawaiian authorities refuser! 

 to allow 687 immigrants to land from tin- ~:-amer 

 "Shin-hiu Maru." which arrived 01 At 



first they were held in quarantine on the complaint 

 that there was smallpox on board. In the end the 



Steamer Was Compelled to take more than J'HI "f 



them back to Japan. The same course of action 

 was taken in regard to the immigrant passengers 

 on the "Snkurn Maru " and the " Kinai Maru." the 

 latter of which arrived in port on April 17. About 

 1.200 immigrants on the three vessels were order-d 

 to be taken back by the ships that brought them 

 after a period of detention in the quarantine station, 



