; ; 



IMHA. 



I'mra Khan, of Jaiulaul. who had dispossessed 



uiitrv MI 1895, 

 mm Khun mi! -f Hajnur. 

 de with the other 

 valleys, but 



.. \ vf- 



gh.'un-'an. in orfensible In- treaty n- 



aMSBSnta, withdrew the officials ami irrv-ular 

 &OOD that had UHMI in .-..|.::i-'i. *>f tin- ^ 



. in Ilajatir for III-T .nlra- 



hurand agrwment. Lul tin- dcmr- 

 turv "f the Afghan* Mfiiu- I mtlame the HOB- 

 maud*, who feared that it would be foil-. wed i,y 

 UMoeeapation of their country bv the British, to 



r had al-.i '-in. 



The existing i*lnieal < - m India, the 



he militant spirit of Islam everywhere. 



and not least in Afghanistan, whose ruktr a| 



to snooted tli** ruler f Bokhara as the political 



bead of the Sunnite Mohammedan! -.f (Vntral 



Asia, ami the timorous and vacillating |K>licy of 



(Jn-iit Kritain toward Turkey indicating in the 



n inability to cope with the 



military jN.werofthc Ottoman Kmpire. tin* secret 



nces also emanating fn-in Kabul, all tended 



MI- fires of fanatic (ilmziism and political 



patriotism among the warlike tril'csiucn <.f the bor- 



!> were incapable of any organ i/cd cnnuiion 

 IM. lit ical <>r military net ion. but who along the whole 



felt tip- same impulse to put it to 

 -t. nt this favorable juncture, whether they 

 could preserve their free and demooratk institu- 

 tions or were to pass under the yoke of the despotic 

 Indian Government. 



These tribes on the northwest were bound to- 

 gether by a sort of sympathetic freemasonry, so 

 t hat those who were too remote from the scene of 

 the British cxficdition to join in opposing them, 

 nevertheless felt a jealous interest when they heard 

 that the troops had permanently occupied any new 

 tract. They had seen Hunza, Kagar, and Chitral 

 .fter another jia.s into the hands of the British. 

 the Beluohis and Waziris reduced to subjection, 

 and new military posts established all alon<: the 

 frontier, and they anticipated the absorption of the 

 territories recently conceded by the Ameer of 

 Afghanistan. 



The advanced positions established among the 

 mountain tribes beyond the settled frontier of the 

 Punjab to overawe the surrounding country were 

 held by about 12.000 British troops, not enough at 

 any single point to deal with a rising of the tribes, 

 and tH, r MI ea<-h other and from their 



military ba*e for rapid concentration, scattered in 

 detachment* which, if surrounded, must be de- 

 stroyed unless i :ie to relieve them. The 

 mullahs, or religious teachers arm-m; the hill 

 me time been preaching that the 

 Britith Kai was doomed, and appealing t-> the 

 people to drive the invaders from their country. 

 The head men and secular leaders, especially those 

 f large gift* from the Indian 

 meat, attempted in vain to stem the torrent. 

 "re finally compelled to take part in the hos- 



* already begun under the lead of fanatical 

 mullahs. 



On June 10 the Waziris attacked a British for- 



tres* hi WAxiristMi. Mr. Gee. the political officer, 



was enmed in establishing a new outpost in the 



valley at Maizar and in collecting a fine 



from a turbulent village, w roe of :',r, 



men were suddenly assailed by 50" i cited 



by a fanatical priest, the mullah of Powindah, los- 



id 54 men killed and wounded be- 



IVH| from Dntta Khel. 



The mullah bad before attempted to stir up a re- 



bellion, and was theivf"iv bani>lu-d by the 



'en plotting in Afghanistan. The 

 iiiiM- country lie- between the Kiiir;uii 

 BelttOhistan, an- industriou-;^ 



tnd Iran-port when not stirf. 



r politieal eXeltemellt to Warlike a. 



which case they can muster ; '.'ing men.' 



IHJM, 



ad the annexation was little more than m>i. 

 I. ion. -Col. Gray was at once dispatched t.. the 



TiH-hi valley to succeed Col. Bunny. h,. \\ a s 



killed, takin- large re-enforcement >. sufficient to 



Vm the \Va/iri- l.ef..|-e the rebclli..n -pn-ad 



,d tin- Iarwe>h KhcU. the dan that made the! 



idi had been so successful because the 



troops were surprised while re-tin- 'I;ij<>r- 



d followed with a punitixc e\|M-di- 



tion of 6,000 men and devastated the coiintn. <1. - 



:n^ \-illage-* and property by whole-ale. 

 hi the latter part of .Inly the' whole population 

 of th- ilcy rose in" an: the Brit- 



ish. The construction of military 

 presence of large bodies of troops in then 

 and neighborini; districts filled them with a 

 sionatc fear of annexation, aiid iliey denied that 

 the British had any right to maintain a road 

 through their country. They attacked a fortified 

 'the extent and character "f 



this attack were of such a nature that two brigades, 

 one containing four and the other three 

 with three mountain batteries, were sent forward to 

 support the garrison. After five days of fighting 

 Sir Bindon Blood's force of 5.0W men etT.ctually 

 defeated the Sv. this raiiid march and -nc- 



cessful action the loss of the Malakand fort, the 

 principal fort on the road, was averted, the I 

 ing army of 6,000 Swat is withdrawing. The 

 was started by the preaching of a priest known as 

 the Mad Mullah, who appeared at the head of a 

 band of 800 men at the village of Thana, in t In- 

 lower Swat valley, where his following was rapidly 

 increased by his proclamation of u re! 

 against the English. On July 2fi he led hi- follow- 

 ers toward Malakand, attacking the fortified post 

 at Chakdara on the way, and in the ev. -m: 

 tempted to surprise the garrison of 3,000 men at 

 Malakand, which, however, had been informed of 

 the intended attack by the tribal levies, who fled 

 before the Mad Mullah, llesolute attack- n the 

 fort were made again n the three following i. 

 Re-enforcements had meanwhile begun 

 but these night a--ault-, prolonged till da\\ 

 exhausted the garrison that they were una ; 

 take the offensive during the day. The di-p 

 tionate number of British officers killed by the 

 Pathans gave proof of their mark-man-hip. The 

 troop- in the Swat valley numbered :5.0iM men. but 

 Col. Mciklejohn, who had been forced to abandon 

 his camp and retire to the protection ..f hi- 

 on the heights when first attacked, remain' 

 tirely on the defensive, the g-irrison being, rnore- 

 -hort of ammunition, till (Jen. Sir Bindon 

 Blood brought up large re-enforcements, lie then 

 relieved Chakdara. which the Pathans could not 

 artillery. The Mad Mullah mus- 

 tered a force of 40.000 warrior-, practically the 

 whole fighting strength of the vail- 

 had offered a formidable to the British 



force that stormed the .Malakand puss two 



before, and had then subsided into peaceful li 



though the sons of the old Akhund, who formerly 

 exerc markable religious influ- IM . over 



them, had endeavored to stir up rebellion. Tin- 

 British punit in the Tochi valley 

 "ii-ed them to a final effort to pp-em- their 

 independence. The Bonerwuls joined with tin- 

 sin the rising, and large numbers of British 



