486 



ITALY. 



lating t-. public gatherings, ami further, that since 



1 ri-al party is the overthrow of 



ate by the ^-establishment "f the t-ni|)oral 



power of the Pope, Clerical meetings are op- 



the tame treatment aa those of socialist, anarch- 



thsf subversive associations. The* 

 nounrrimiu* frm a minister of the Clerical 



thr Marquis di Kudtm prod , 

 .(!.. ii niul dismay in militant Catholic* : 



.ken in ti n was regarded 



a* pro|H-r by thr majority "f > LiU'rai 



nut thr country, but thev blamed the mini-try f.. r 



having permitted the Clerical excesses more than 



they di 1 theClrrirals for having made uae of the 



1 th. ML Tin- circulars themselves 



were regarded by Liberals and Clericals alike as a 



e in thr parliamentary game ami, when 



Signer Zaiianlelli did not enter "the mini-irv after 



alfas a failure in t.i vdinal Kampofla. the 



made use <>f the circulars 



aa material for an in<lictmnit of the Italian 



n a letter to the nuncios, denouncing 



th*-m as **sacrifi< -ing the Catholic party to the bit- 



tercet f the Church, not it has 



offended against the law or against the so-called 



.lion of the state, but because it is hated by 



The ministry was discredited by the course it took 

 - demonstration in Home. The 

 periodical revision of taxation on incomes and per- 

 sonal property was expected to produce a larger 

 ie from" tin- source. The tax assessors were 

 firs? instructed not to be rigorous in their assess- 

 ments, but these were revoked. In Koine, where 

 the trailing and working classes had not yet recov- 

 ered from the effects of the building cri-K the in- 

 crease in the assessments was regarded a-> xtiemely 

 unjust, and was an undoubted hardship to many. 

 The existence of a large floating population in that 



-ady to profit by disturbance and of strong 

 revolutionary and Clerical elements anxious to fan 

 popular discontent should have surest ed either 

 the avoidance of any cause for disorder or prep- 

 aration to repress disorder with a strong hand, 

 but in l'th respects the Government failed. The 

 Roman Chamber of Commerce organi/ed an impos- 

 ing popular demonstration on Oct. 11. All shops 

 were closed, and about 20,000 persons escorted a 

 committee to the Mini-try of the Interior. While 



Marquis di Hudini was giving vague ami un- 

 satisfactory assurances to the committee, a small 

 force of carabineers endeavored to prevent the great 

 crowd from pressing into the bofloing, When an- 

 other detachment arrived and proceeded to clear 

 the Piazza Navona with fixed bayonets some roughs 

 began to throw stones. Other soldiers were sent 



aid finally the crowd was driven from the 

 sauarc. but the stone-throwing increased until some 

 of the soldiers were provoked into firing, and before 

 the streets were finally cleared orders were given 

 to fire again at the princinal im-up of stone-t hn>w- 

 ers. About :;<> of the soldiers and people were bad- 

 ly wounded and 2 killed. The Minister of Fi 

 afterward instructed the assessors to amend their 

 assessments and to abstain from it, ;iy as- 



sessment* until they have ascertained that" the 

 taxpayer's income has increased. The charges of 

 corruption brought against ex- Premier Francesco 

 on inform vion received from the convicted 

 director of t h- Banca Komana were quashed Nov. 

 8 by illation on the ground that the 



ordinary tribunal.** are incompetent to try ex-mi ni- 

 ters for acts performed when they were in office. 

 Sanitary Conference. A conference of j.leni- 



riariesof -an pow-r- met a \ 



discuss sanitary precautions acrain-t 

 the introduction of the bubonic plague into Europe. 



conference was to apply in regard 

 to the bubonic pot the principles allirmed at the 

 Dresden and Paris conferences in reference t,. the 

 holrra. and to induce Turke\. if 

 possible, to j,,in in these International confer 

 and to ratify the agreement. The Paris agreement 

 had i, ' Britain. The pres- 



ongress was called at t he suggestion of \u>- 

 Iria. Italy coii.-urring. It was proposed by A 

 and Italy, supported by <' ..and Tur- 



key, to const met a lanre international quarantine 



i ami hospital in th- -mrwher. 



.it which it would be obligatory for all ship 



impeded countries to s|o) 

 \\hethera further <|iiarant ine was neoei 

 sary at the port of destination for vessels an 'i\ inu 

 with a dean bill of health from this station was a 

 question mi which the go\ rrniuciit s fa\orini: the 

 quarantine at Sue/ Migge^trd no coiirluion. \n- 

 other question to be considered was, whether the 



D should not be ivqup-icd to fnrbiil pilgrim- 

 ages to Mecca in years of pest ilence. and 

 eriiments be a>k' "-nt t he depart lire of pil- 



u r rims from their territories. Knirland. which >. nt 

 the largest delegation of sanr '-.wanted 



her ship- coming from infected poftl to be quaran- 

 tined only at ports of destination, claiming that, 

 with sanitary departments organ i/.ed as well a> the 

 Kngli>h, this would be entirely effectual. The 

 qiie-tion of stopping pilgrimag's 

 brought Up immediately b\ a l-'n-nch delegate, who 

 was seconded by the Ausiro-IlunL. r :irian and K'us- 

 sian representatives, but the F.ngli-h delegates hml 

 no power to discuss or \-otc on tin- (pi. -tion with- 

 out instruct i'.n>. Lain the Knglish delegates an- 

 nounced that the Indian Government had -t 

 pilgrimage- to Mecca. The Anst rian and llu ian 

 governments had taken similar action, and I 

 and Italy announced their intention of doing so. 

 It was voted to complete the (jiiarantine Cation on 

 the island of Camaran. in the B 

 nical Committee approved of the met hod- of di-in- 

 fect ion adopted at the last confer-: ,iti.n 



by steam at 100 ( '. maintained for fifteen minutes. 

 A ^ublimate solution, in which salt may brsub-ti- 

 tuted for hydrochloric; acid, was approved, also an 

 alkali solution and xavoneuse of carbolic acid. 

 pers of value were exempted from disinfection. 

 The extreme period of incubation of the bubonic 

 plague was taken to be ten d,i 



the beirinnini: "f the winter Session the Cham- 

 ber annulled Amilcare Cipriani's election. Si-nor 



Orispi baring established the j.oint that the ordi- 

 nary courts are incompetent to deal with the charges 

 -t him. demanded an i: n by 1 he 



Parliament. A ommi'-ioii of fi\. M was 



appointed to conduct the inquiry. The charges 

 were based on the confesj n of one Favilla. ' 

 director of the liojogna branch of the hank of Na- 

 ples, who was pro-rented for embr/./li-ment and 

 convicted. The examining magistrate at \\\ 

 on information obtained during the judicial inquiry. 

 issued an order for the a gnot Cri-pi <.n 



March ,'(>. 1^!7. He was re-elected a pepir 

 the day following, and thus obtained parliamentary 

 immunity, but nevertheless lie voluntarilv in 

 deposition before the magistrate at Nanl- 

 Man-h '2't. Two months later, however, he took 

 exception to t! teaoe <-f the courts to try 



the charges, on tlie ground that, according to the 

 Italian Constitution, a minister i- an- 

 thr Senate alone for acts done while in oHice. He 

 admitted having borrowed WH).000 lire of Favilla 

 ISt, but declared that he had repaid 

 a part of this sum while still minister, and the re- 

 mainder with interest and commission after his fall 

 from power. 



