130 



JEWS. 



against the movement for a Jewish sUtc that the 

 congress paid more attention to the sitbje 

 colonization than to the establishment of an md. - 

 jK-mlelit .Iiiiiean commonweall h. LCNS obj. 

 Was felt tO a movement that \\ould aid . \i-!iiig 

 me and pn. mote agricul- 

 tural The prevalent wretchedness of the 

 Jews in countries abroad due .. harsh laws and re- 

 ions was fully revealed at the Basel congress, 

 [wtus was given to the move- 

 ment them from inhospitable lands and 

 settle them, wherever possible, under new ami more 

 Dr. Theodor Ilerzl and Dr. 



Max Nordnu wen- 1 he leaders of the congress, which 

 was a > aU.ut -'IK) jM-rsons. Among the 



more prominent were Dr. K. Lippe. the edi. 

 Dr. J. Bodenheimcr. of Cologne ; I 

 .stamm. of Ki.-lT: I'; 'icmathe- sons. ll'J; stone cul .uarrymcn. -Js ; paint- 



mat irian of HeidelU-rg Tniversity ; Dr. N. Birn- Bfi, Bl; uphol.xterers, 65; stocking kniti. 

 laum. of B>rlin ; and Dr. Kaminka. <>f Prague. 



with a great mass of Hebrew manuscript 



rare value, which he n -ued from secret hiding 



place -emllial's fiftieth year a 



WM Celebrated in Berlin in N..v-mber. M. >\lvain 



Levi, professor at the College de France. 



sabrention of 8,000 francs from the ..-my 



of Ii. nable him to continue 1, 



Marches mi.. Buddhism in the lower Ilium; 



regions. At the International Ku-i.-m Medical 



ress there Were UJ.Ii-wish delegates from 



many alone, while <! her eouir 



ir esiiniate th. 



ish mech.T n| t ,li\i<l. 



follow : .b.iners. :',f, , |Q< 



89 





lacksmilhs. ."; e,,pp,-r>! i in-iinl h 



; goldsmiths. 71 ; watchmakers. *'* ; \ ..... kbn 





7'J: wood carvers. ls ; 



uh of anti-S-mitism within thej>a>: 



decades has had much to do with the /i<>ni-tic 



i. -lit. for it is only in count ries where civil 



an-1 n-ligious liberty is denied to tin- Jew that there 



t-sire to colonize in Palestine under any form. 



During the year there has been a gratifying lull in 



the storm and a hopeful bnproTemenl in .juartcrs 



hought to IM ho|H-less. It is true that 



Jewish hat nil has been felt in II .any. 



Bohemia, Austria, .\ ri|...li. and Persia. 



But these were sporadic outbreak-, readily quelled. 



nditions in liu ia have certainly improved, 



and there is a strong likelihood Of further!'. 



.form- under the new Minister of the Inte- 

 voliiine of .Iewi>h emigration from Ku-- 

 sia has notably declined, and this is the best 

 indication of improved conditions. In Vienna the 

 administration of the anti-Semite IT. Lm-ger has 

 d much dissat isfact ion : t he breach has widened 

 wo opposing sections of his party. The 

 riots in Bohemia in November were not dn- 

 against the Jews alone, although they are always 

 the first victims of political and social disorder, hi 

 Germany notable anti-Semites like Stoccker and 

 Sedlatzeck have HitTcn-d at the hands of the law. 

 In France it is thought that anti-Semitism is re- 

 sponsible for ti> ease, and there was some 

 agitation in the latter part of the year, Zola cham- 

 pioning the cause of the exiled officer and refut ing 

 the charges of the anti-Semites. I'rof. Monod also 



in the vindication of Dreyfus. 

 The condition of the Jewish colonies in the Ar- 

 gentine Republic was -o unsatisfactory that it was 

 determined to found no further x-tt lements, but to 

 maintain those existing. Different opinions are 

 held as to the value of these colonies. It is feared 

 that many of the immigrants are hardly adapted 

 for agricultural work. Yet some of the settlements 

 show fair results, despite a plague of locu-t- and 

 - drawbacks. In Pah-tin.- there are now 22 

 villages, with an area of 92.000 acres, under cult i- 

 vation. An agricultural school of 598 acres, serv- 

 ing as an experimental station and model farm. 

 makes earnings sufficient to support all the teacher* 

 and the 100 pupils. The colonists raise vegetables, 

 wine grapes, and fruit trees, and are engaged also 

 in lice culture. Mulb. -rry trees are being planted, 

 with a view to silkworm* culture. The village of 

 Rishon IV.ion. with an area of 22,239 acres, pos- 

 sesses 1.500.000 vine stocks, 20,000 mulberry trees, 

 10.000 fruit, almond, walnut, fig, and other trees. 



\hibit in "f th- pr*iu< ts o f the Palestine col- 

 onies was held in Berlin, and a company has been 

 organized to promote their sale in Europe and 

 America. 



Mr - r, reader of rabbinic at Camhr 



returned to England from Egypt and Palestine 



millers. :{0; printer ;; ; parchment 



maker-. ]:: >, .akers, 64 ; gardener-. 1 7 : 



brushmakcrs.'JO : jacks-of-all-trades. C.-J. Thirty-liv, 

 tcj-hnical and industrial BohooU, With 5,489 pupils, 

 are now carried on by the Baron de Ilirsch fund in 

 (ialicia and the liukow ina. 'I' 1 pan U> HOD* 



Israelites, who are provided with re|jgiou> instruc- 

 tion from teachers of their own faith at the cost of 

 the fund. During the year vM."i pupil- were appren- 

 ticed t.i trades, and 14 are being educated in the 

 Agricultural School near Hai Hie -le\\i-h 



MII I'niversia Israi-litica of I, 



eluded an agreement with the municipality of 

 K>me to surrender a prominent part of the Ghetto 

 to the citv authorities, for the purpose. 

 an imposing structure. In exchange for tin- tin- 

 city gave to I he Jewish f ion a plot of 



ground, which i> valued at KK.(MM lire, and is situ- 

 ated on the bank of the Tiber, for the end ion of a 

 synagogue. 



Oswald .1. Simon, of London, proposed in .Janu- 

 ary a plan to make Judaism a mi--i<>iMry n ! 

 and elicited interesting opinion- from English Jews 

 and Christian^. Baroness de Ilirsch mad.- 



lavish benefactions, Jewish and general. The bank- 



l-'lick. of Dfisseldorf. bequeathed in January 

 500,0(X marks for needy widows and orphans, with- 

 out distinction of creed, and M0,000 in,< 

 Jewisj, hospital open to all creeds. The eightieth 

 birthday of Dr. Max King, the novelist, was cele- 

 brated i'n Silesia. The seventieth birthday oi l-'n-d- 

 eriek D. Mocalta, the London philanthropist, was 

 duly observed, as well as a similar jubilee of the 

 writ.r lleivb. rg-Fr&nkel in Teplit/. near Berlin. 

 Hon. \V. !!. C.hen was appointed a judge of the 

 Supreme Court of New South Wales. The Monie- 

 fiore College, at Ramsgate. England, was r. -..j., n< -d. 

 At home the chief tn-ml of the year's activity has 

 been along educational lines. Further effort was 

 made to reach the people and establish more intel- 

 ligent methods. In Baltimore and Philadelphia 

 classes for normal instruction were opened, with a 



o improving the training of . I i.aih- 



school teacher-. In New York the Religious School 

 Union arranged an admirable series of n.nf : 

 and teachers meetings, showing marked ad-. 

 The issues of th- P iblication Society and the 



American Jewish Historical Society are educational 



imulating. The successful summer assembly 

 of the Jewish Chautaurjua at Atlantic City in July 

 was enthusiastic and varied in its meeting-, many 

 rabbis and teachers participating, and a gratifying 

 impetus was given to systematic Bible study. Th-> 



-h translation of the Talmud by Mr. Etodkln- 

 son made further progress, as did Dr. .last row's 

 Talmudie dictionary. The project of an encyclo- 

 pa-dia Judaicawas favored at the Montreal Confer- 

 ence of American Rabbis, while the new translation 



