U" 



K1TK FLYING. 



scope for exhibiting the pictures on a small 

 scale for observation through a |K-.-j.h..le. A num- 

 ber of other machines have been devised and em- 

 ployed for i through a peephole 

 or in enlarged form on a scrvrn. but none of them 

 differ essentially from those described; they arc 

 practically either kinetoscopes or vi: 

 Mr. Edison'* dispSaj of his 



tun* diil not cejiv with the k 



SOOpe and the vita--.,| M .. With th- i and 



co-operation of I ;>i.k-on. he developed the 



nograph and phonokinetOSQOpe, erown- 



uimphs ,,f ing.-nuily in this Held, which 

 not been generally exhibited. These me< hani-m-. 

 n> the names imply, are designed to reproduce 



1* with sights, so as to preserve all the ph\si- 

 cal impressions received by an individual who ob- 

 serves a scene of life and action. The kinctogniph 

 record*, and the kinetosoope exhibit . t he 



mowr . Lher active objects; the 



phono-kmetograph re. ord s Uith the sound- 



Ahile the phono-kii 



duplication of both the sounds and motion- 

 nally given. The principle of the phonograph is of 



e the one applied to and a-sociated with the. 



>graph and kinetoscope in accomplishing this 

 result. The chief diflieulty to be overcome in 



.ng them into operation as one machine was 

 -\nchroiiixing of all the mecha- 

 nism, so that the sights and sounds recorded and 

 reproduced were absolutely sure to be given in uni- 

 son. The system is peculfarly suited to the repro- 

 duction of iirringon the stage of a theater, 

 and a s|ecial kinetographic theater was set up for 

 making the experiments. Here it was found n. - 

 cessary to group the actors close together ami e\ 

 pose them to a very strong light. A kinetograph 

 and a phonograph are then placed so as to bear 

 ujHin the group, and are electrically connected, so 

 that t. r of the phonograph' ami the spools 

 of the kinetoscopic films may travel in exact unison. 

 The continuous action of the players is caught by 

 the kinetograph readily enough, iuit it i- 

 that their utterances be directed toward the pho- 

 nograph to secure a good record of the sounds. 



KIM I I. MM.. Within half ado/en year- kite 

 flying has developed from an amusement suited to 

 boys to a scientific pursuit eagerly followed i 

 searchers in the fields of aeronautics, meteor 

 and military tactics. The student of aeronaut K-- 

 has found the kite even more worthy of study and 

 experiment than the balloon; the United > 

 Weather Bureau has devoted time and moi, 

 t ' : m< tit of kite !l \ ing in .-rd.-r to obtain 



obser h meteorographs at high altitude- : 



the military tactician has been interested in them 

 as furnishing means of signaling and makii.. 

 serva' 1 the photographer has recogni/ed 



in them a new field for his efforts. Lawn -n- liar 

 grave. of i Wales, deserves the gr 



part of the credit f,,r transforming the kite 1: 

 toy to an instrument of science. To his im. 



the world is indebted for the (llular oi 



vho^ lifting power is much greater than that 

 of any flat-plane kite, and which may be made in a 

 mat variety of form-. Knowledge of the laws 

 that govern the wind and the action of aeroplanes 

 has been much increased by hi* development of <, |- 

 lular kites. Margrave, in originating form- f 

 kites, was obliged to proceed almost wholly on the 

 plan of guess and try. At that time the writings 

 of Langlev. rhanute. Maxim, and Lilir-nthal. de- 

 scribing their in us in the work and action 

 of the wind, were not available, and Hargrove was 

 obliged to jump at conclusion- of his own ami \<>*\ 

 them by practice, und.-r all the uncerta 

 ing from having to do with conditions little known 



and in some respects erroneously treated b\ 



; it ies. 1 1 i an alnio-t cud 



of cellular forms, being coimnced that two 

 faces, slightly separated, increa.-cd the lifting \ 



while the side siir- 



'il- 



II V. He nblai: 

 tile b.-t re-ulls 



with what has be- 



two- celled 

 i\e kite. 



Tl liler form 



of kite the cross- 

 stick kite of llcn- 

 jainin Franklin's 

 time, made both 

 in X form and 



with sticks arranged in the sha| f 



a Latin cross, \\ith a tail of twine 

 ami (taper has also a modern de- 

 velopment in tin- Malay kite, espe- 

 cially as impro\ed l.\ \\ . A. Kddy. 



.1. The Mala, 



as built by him, and shown it. 

 J. has t he cro-s-st iei, if tin- 



top and made with an out low m- 

 curve. It is taillc . a- are m 

 the recent forms of kite-. A tail 

 simpl\ 



kite, \\hich i- better obtained by a 

 more perfect construct ion. Th- 

 s..n f..r the extreme shortness of top shown in the 

 Kddy Malay kite is that the wind pressure on the 

 under surface of an inclined kite plain- i- min-h 

 greater at the top or b-rwanl end. b.-.-au-e this first. 



eat. -lies the wind 



Tw. ^ I.I.KII 

 KAVK 





Fio. 2. EDDT MALAY KITF.. 



and SUStainfl the 



elTort of turning 

 it in a downward 



oonns. 



Variant forms 

 of the kite have 

 li.-.'ii d'\ i-'d liy 



Octave Channte, 

 .1. i:. Millet, . I-'. 



Lam- -n, ('. W. 

 Marvin. .1. 

 liri'lir- 



A. 14. .lohn-on, 

 Alexander M<- 

 Adie.and oilier in- 

 iiany 



of the designs approaching air ships in their im- 

 posing size and const ruction. The experiments of 

 I'hanute. Millet, and Lam-on have 1,,-,-n with a 

 view toward con-t ending a successful a&roplanc 



Fio. S.-TRAPEZOID Kme. 



flying machine, while Marvin'- experiments were 



made in his capacity as meteorologist for the 



': -r liureau. Hi- trap-/oid kite is shown in 



Fig. 3. All these experimenters make use of cellu- 



