MADAGASCAR. 



thews by 1 ieth : "How may Interest 



in the Deaconess Cause be stimulated, ami De\..ut 



I won f,, r the \V..rkf" by the Rev. I>r. 



(Mil : iconess to tlu- Train- 



f Little Chil.lr.-n." b\ i : (ioedel : 



an. I " Peculiar: 1 



Life to U- con>iden l in tin- Traiium; ml \V 

 Deaconesses in An. Frank 1*. 



Manhnrt. The Milwaukee lij-th.-r house was re- 

 gjuested, by resolution of the conference, to is-ue an 



fheodore Schaefer'i - hi.- 



c adj. .11 rued to meet 

 in Omaha, Nrl> . in 189& 



h.ini-h I ninii. mi- MI held in Mm- 



J. l s '.''. a union was 



f..ni. ' h Lutherans in this ooun- 



e-.-s the two largest bodies f..nn. rly 



Phe new synod i^ iMOfpontsd under 



I'liel'inted Danish Evangelical Lui 



Churrh in An. i embraces the Danish 



Lutheran Church Association in Ann -i -\> -a " ami tho 



ii Lutheran Church in North 



- lical organ i /at ion among 



tin> Danes in this country was effected in 1*7:2. \vh.-n 

 the " Dani-h Lutheran Church in Am 

 organize 1 : hut as i;- ministers, to a large extent, 

 held the dogmatical views of Itihop (irumltvig, of 

 Denmark, not all the Danish pa-i..r- ami congrega- 

 tions united with it.an-1 even aiming those who en- 

 tin- organization there was not perfect una- 

 nimi; Anl when, in the course of time, 



other "Danes arri ved, whose views differed from tho 

 Gnuidtrigians, controversies arose concerning the 

 doctrines ..f the Church. In l*s;{-'84 a second sy- 

 n.Mlical IMM!V was organized, which was known as 

 the " Lu; heran Church Association in Am. 



This oru'ani/ation w f the 



Luth< ; uas naturally opposed t.> 



the principles ,f doctrine maintaineil l.\ the 

 Mai synodical I -. iii/ed in IST'J. ami there 



was 11 o in .,in. mi: them. In the *\ n..l of 



lltllLlletl I mi nu' tll>' 



:..! the u aiiii-(truncitvigi 



until the \ -A hen I he latter parts withdrew 



ami iiral Lui 



Clmreli in North Amen, a " npon the la>is of the 

 Lnlh> -. . 'I'liUH U happened that 



iical Ofganiiat iOQB, which \irtually 

 held the .same , i inei'- 



plcswere sulliciently harmoiiion- to enable ih. 

 work together. Th. re merged into 



one synodieal oru'ani/.ation in ISJMJ. a- a united 

 church, and held their fir-t ..nxeiiii..:. 

 Net,.. U) .Fun.- U. 1^.17. The I:. .. .. I 1 ,. 



( *hri>! i. in-, n. -.f < 'iiiaha. ' ;. resi- 



dent ; the I,'. ,. \. 3, NieKell.of \\ .! 



J : and Mr. II. And. r- n. of I', 

 urcr. The united sym(l numlers (S mil. 

 110 < M-. and 7.!'!' I communicant i 



I !. : :,ial .-die,. lier>. and 



pupils ; !1 Sunday >ch..o ii. r>. and 



pupils. It has a theological semi nary al i 

 a college and a hiirli school at Mlkhorn. I<>\va, two 

 orpbanagetal Albert Leu. Minn. .and Klkhorn. |o\\a. 

 a puiilication hoii^.. at Mlair. fr<m which il 

 >yn.dieal paper, the" han>k Lntherk K irki-ltlad." 

 It is the largest of the hanish or^ani/at ioii^ in the 

 country and carries on extensive missionary .-pcra- 

 tions in various parts <f the country. The old 



:i s\n<.d MumlM-rs -1'J ministers. KM) c,,n 

 t ions, and rJ.(MK) memi. !-, and maintains three hi^h 

 bchools or academies. 



M 



MADM,\M \K. a Fronch c-<,lony. formerly a 



kingdom. oc,-ii|.yin;; the island of Madagascar, in 



idian Ocean near the east coast of Africa. It 



was finally recognized by the 



a- a 



protectorate on ' ". after the French \ >. 



had occupied Antananarivo, the (apital: became a 

 it |M.ss<-ssion l>y virtue of a convention c"ii- 

 1 in January, 1H96; and ly a law promulgated 

 ''.. was constituted a French colony, 

 in which the Queen was retained as titular ruler of 

 the natives, hut a French Resident General assumed 

 full control of the administ ration and a French 

 military for.-,- remain*- i in occupation of the island. 

 The ',; Kanavalona III, horn in 1HG1. who 



succeeded R-mavalona II on July 1 d af- 



terward married the Prime Minister liainilairivony, 

 who was the real head of the (io\ eminent, and who 

 waged two wars in d'-fenv of the independence of 

 the country against the pretensions of the French. 

 who claimed political rights over the island dating 

 from -nth century. 



The administration is attached to the French 

 ' th- C.,1 ,iii.-H. The cost of -J.e armv of 



rm- l.y Fram-.-. The (;.vern.i 

 eral and e<.minnnder of the troops is i 

 <J:illieni. The Fr-nch military f..n - in 1^!>7 was 

 composed of a regiment of marine infantry, thn-e 

 ries of marine artillery, a colonial p--iineni. a 

 battalion of the for. i-n legion, two companies of 

 ie. and two r. -iments of Slalagasy 

 rifles. Th -ngth was 5,601). in"lu.lin.' I!l 



rs. Then '7 artillery. 



and 44 caralrv. of the m n. l/j'jo were natives of 

 the island am) 500 were Algerians. 

 The area of Madagascar and dependent islands is 



estimated at 22H.500 square n.il.-x. an<l the popula- 

 tion at :{.:>00.(M>0. <.f whom al.out UMWMMMI \,,-\,,i^ to 

 the I lova race, which from their country of Inierina, 

 in the center, imposed their rule on the rest ,,f the 

 island, though it was often resisted by other 

 Antananarivo has about 100,000 inhabitants ; the 

 port of Tamatave. on the east coast, which isc,,n- 

 nected with the capital l>y 7:5") miles of telegraph, 

 has IO.IKMI. Another telegraph line runs to the 

 capital from Mojan^a. on the .a town of 



ln.o(Kinhal.itants. ' About 4.'u.(Mii ,,f the Hovasare 

 I'lot.-tants and 50.000 are Roman Catholics. 



The native Govern men 1 depended on the f 

 unpaid service that it exacted from all the inhabit- 

 ants rather than on its revenue, though dutie 

 collected on imports and .md a small poll 



tax was paid. Formerly considerable s Um ~ 

 obtained from p.ld-minin^ licenses and ro\ 

 The local budget for i rancs; the 



Prance, i : rancs. A debt 



of iri.(MMMKK) francs was raised in Fran.. ,,, 

 of which 10,000,000 franc i to the French 



iiment as a war indemnity. This debt, which 

 paid <> p.-r c.-nt. int rest, was assumed by the Fn-nch 



nment and converted, in 1*1)7. into :{-per 

 ionds riiiiniiiL' HXIV \ 



li.-sjd.-s e;old. copper is mined in considerable 

 quant il ies. Silver, lead, sulphur, graphite, and coal 

 an- found also. The chief occupat ion of t he | 



i.-ulture and the raising of cattle. Uicc. 



.and coiton are cultivated. The for* - 



iud contain valuable woods, which are bc- 



\ported by Kuropean companies. The- natives 



.cloths from silk, cotton, and the fiber of the 



rafia palm, and are skilled also in metal work. The 



