596 



i ARIES, AMF.IMCAN. (IlAKi:u.- ! 



siesofth - us popular among In 



low- members, who I- mijorityelected him 



m itro tern, of* the Senate in 1808. 

 ll.-.sk,ll. James Richards . >"rn in 



9M; .lie,! in IWuii-. 



Aug. 15. 1897. He removed to Ohio with his parents 

 t3, was educate*! at Western Reserve College, 

 and engaged in manufacturing in New York < nv in 

 1858. In 1856 hs nttent i..n a^ directed to the ac- 

 ting prin -ivy ordnance, originated 

 by A. & Lyman, of N ? ew York, and he bM*iM in- 

 pmentofn. A ft .-r a series of 

 ex|*Timents be constructed n pin with p 

 pockets along its bore. A small charge of powder 

 was pla... i U'hin.l the shot at the breech to start 

 it, and as the shot passed each powder pocket t he 

 .bustion ignited and exploded the charge, 

 ami each one added to the velocity of th-- shot. 

 The initial, or hrerch charge, was slow-burning 

 powder. 1 1).- |x*cket powder was quick burning. Mr. 

 Haskell built several of his multicharge guns, and 

 they showed remarkable results in velocity and 

 penetration. The Government paid him $100,000 

 for hi- intention, out sulse<juent developments in 

 the science of gunmaking prevented its practical 

 application, and he spent the remainder of his life 

 in endeavoring to adapt the principle of the multi- 

 charge gun to the new conditions. 



Headley. Joel I \l. r. author, born in Walton. 

 Delaware County. N. V.. Dec. 30, 1813 ; died ii, 



.n. 16. 1*97. He was graduated at 

 n G 'liege in 1839, and subsequent ly at Auburn 

 ninary, and for a time was pastor of 

 the Presbyterian Church at Stockbridge, Mass. In 

 1842 he was compelled by failing health to with- 

 draw from the ministry. He spent a year in for- 

 eign travel, and on his return engaged in literary 

 w..rk. In 1846 he became associate editor of the 

 York "Tribune," succeeding Henry .1. 

 !. but poor health soon made it necessary for 

 him to resign the post. He lived in the Adiron- 

 dack! for the greater part of sever.: i-itcd 

 the region regularly for nearly thirty years, and 

 published a book on the locality by which it is be- 

 lieved attention was first attracted to the Adiron- 

 dack* as an important health resort. In 1854 he 

 was elected to the N. \v y,, r k Assembly, and in 1855 

 was the successful Know-nothing candidate for 

 Secretary of State of rk. Sis publications 

 include * Napoleon and his Marshals" c2 rolfc, NVw 

 York, 184- ^hington and his Generals" 

 :..fe of Cromwell" <1H4*>: "The Adiron- 

 dack*; or Life in the Woods," a collection of news- 

 paper letters (New York, 1849) ; Sacred Scenes and 

 Characters" (1849); " Life of Washington" (1857); 

 "Lif- ck"(1859); " Chaplains of th. ! 



vols., 



1864) : " Grant and Sherman : Their ( 'ampaigns and 

 Generals" (1865): Karragut and our Naval Com- 

 manders" (1867): " Sacred Heroes and Martyrs" 

 (1865): "The Achievements of Stanley and other 

 xplorers'M-:: : M Hist ry of the \\ 

 Lives of Scott and Jackson* 

 Mountains"; and " History of the Riots of 1863." 

 lh-i,,_' \>.i-liiiiL'ton journalist, U.rn in Cin- 

 i.io, May 14,181'... di-d in Chicago. 111., 

 Dec, 18, 1897. He accompanied his pare; 

 cago in childhood and was educated there till l*il. 

 when hi- went to <; rraany to study. Hewasgradu- 

 ,ated at Yale in 1870, and immediately afterward 

 took acoujae in jwlitical economy and GenMHI lit- 

 erature aflm I -f Berlin. In November, 

 l s ?l. he became connected with the " Illinois Staats 

 Zeitung," of which his father was proprietor, and 

 in 1880 was made managing editor. In 1872 he be- 

 came a member of the city Board of Kducation, and 

 took an active pan in the presidential campaign, 



ugan effective series of speech< in Kngli-h 

 and German for the B 



was elected to the county Board of Education, and 



in ! ss> . ( \\:i- ohoaen its piv-id. m. Sui'se.|uently he 

 becan :ircd 



from nrtive politics. In ISM). during' the contro- 

 versy on the school otiotion, he give his influence 

 He \va> a member of the eom- 

 n M|.|..,ii; . isc ways and mean- f..r 



improxing the condition of Chicago during the 

 World's Columbian Exposition, and also of tin- In- 

 tramural Commission, was appointed postmasl 

 Chicago in lv.-l. and \\as tin- nnsm-eessful ind.- 

 pendent candidate for mayor in the -pn: 



llcuit. Nathaniel \n-nxtns battaf known by 

 .-loptcil Chri-tian nanu-s of A i 



man. born in l-'airfi.-ld. Conn., NV 

 1820: lii : d in New V.- r k div, .In , II, 



was a son <>f t! 'haniel llewit.a found, r 



of Hartford Theologiral Seminary, and was gradu- 

 ated at Amhcrst in is:{i. In IS'IM he entered the 



Theological Institute of Connecticut \\ind- 



s<>r. in 1842 was licensed to preach in the Congre- 



gational Church, in rdained a deacon in 



the Protestant Kpiscopal Church, and in 1841 

 ordained a priest in the Hoinan Catholic Church 

 after two years of study in Charleston. S. c. lb- 

 became vice-principal of Charle>ton ('olk-ginte In- 

 stitute, where In- remained three vears. Then de- 

 ciding to join a religious community, h.- beeami- an 

 associate of th< ni|'!"n-l-. and un- 



attached to the Church of the Holy Redeemer. In 



1808 Fathers Hewit. Heob r, Walworth, r. 

 and Deshon, all EteaempCoristB, recogni/.ing that 

 that order was unsuited to conditi<nis c\i^tiiiL r in 

 the United Sia . .1 from pope Pin- IX a 



decree creating the Institute, of Mission.. 

 of St. Paul the Ap<.>t!e." The work of the PauliM 

 l-'athcrs, as t h. >e priests were called, met with im- 

 mediate and large success Father Hecker was su- 

 perior of the order from it- institution till his death. 

 in I^HS. when Father Hewit >uccei-d,.d him. In 



1865 Father Hewit gave up acthe mi--ionary work 

 and applied himself to theological and lr 

 work, becoming Professor of Philosophy. Th. 

 and the Holy Scriptures in the Paulist Seminal 

 New York city. He was also editor of the "Cath- 

 olic World" in 18f-'71. Fr-.m it- inception till 

 within a year of his death Father Hewit was inti- 

 mately connected with the Catholic University of 

 America, in \Va-hiiiL r ton. I). C. He was one of its 

 lecturers, and secured the establishment by the 

 Paulist Fathers of the College of St. Thomas Aqui- 

 nas at the university. The degree of D. I), was 

 conferred upon him by Amherst College and the 

 Pope. He was a regular contributor to the 

 "Aiie 'holic (Quarterly Uevii-w": edited 



the "Complete Works of '.-land " (Balti- 



more, 1850) ; and j.uldishcd " Reasons for submit- 

 ting to the Catholic Church" (Charleston. ! 

 "Life of Princess Borghcsc " (New York. 1 

 "Life of I)umoulin-l',orie" (isoTi; "The Littlu 

 Angel .f the i of |{ev. I 



r"(lH65): " Problem- of the A ire. with Studies 

 in St. Augustine on Kindred Subjects" (1 

 ;.. : A Tr. a] [afl on th.- t ii 

 nl" (1870): and " Th.- Kin_-^ iliirh- 

 way; or. The Catholic Church the Way of Salvation, 

 as revealed in Holy Scripture" ii*74). 



Hoffman. ( harb- I r.derick. - . rgvman, born 

 in New York city in ls:',.j : djer| <,n Jekyll i>lanl, 



P.rnn-wi.-k. <Ja.. Mar<-h 4. l v !7. He'wa- 

 ruuel Verplanck Hoffman, a wealthy mer- 

 chant. and a brother of the li.-v. Fugene Ai"i_ 

 HofTman. dean of the General Theological Semi- 

 nary. in New York city. The brothers acquired 

 very large wealth from 'the estate of their 



