686 



FOREIGN. (FRANKS-' 



in the Right Center, and in Thiers in- 



d to him tli. , f Public W,,rk-. but 



in a few weeks he !i Jules SIM...H. II. 



entered for fire davs the last Cabinet formed by 



r-hip. 

 on Nov. 26, 1878, after the sepicnimtc was voted, 



ttrrof Public ln-tru 



Worship, and 1 II;- assumption of office 



was signalized br the n lir.-im-ui <>f num. T.'US pro- 

 fessors suspected* of hl-eral t.-ndencu-s and by the 

 re establishment , f the censure, hi 1*77 he was 

 made of the Interior in the BragiiftQib- 



Mar-hal M railed him to 



:t again. He was the minister who count, r- 

 sfrned the manifesto of Sept. r.. 1*77. m whiel, 

 Marshal MacMahon announced that if tin- Depuii. > 

 elected would not act in harmony with the (i. 

 incut ln> would depend on the Senate al< me. The 

 new Chamber appointed a commr pure 



wer of which the Cabinet was 

 accused, and on May 28, 1878, the in misters h.-i<l \ 

 resign. In 18> >urtou was made a 



ator. He sat on the Uight . I.ut never took a prom- 

 inent jwtrt in the discussions. In 1889 ht r 



hamber of Deputies, and there he preserved 

 an attitude of compl.'te silence and i in ii (Terence. 

 He once fought a duel with (iamb. 



Franks. Sir Augustus Wollaston, an Km:! Mi 

 archaeologist, born in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1 vjr, ; 



:u Lond< . 1M7. He was educated 



l>eing graduated in !M'.'. 



His antiquarian and arii-tie ta-tes manifested them- 

 selves early, and even before he took his degree he 

 had published "A Book of Ornamental Glazing 

 Quarries " (1849). He became an assistant in the 

 British Museum in 1851, and for many years was 

 keeper of the Department of British and Medi.-i-val 



lilies, resigning in 1895. In 1853 he was 

 elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, was 

 twice director of that society, and was its pre-idcnt 

 from 1892 until his death. In 1888 he was knighted. 

 He was long recognized as ahm-i the hi-h.-t au- 

 thority in such departments as the arts of tl. 

 naissan.e and Oriental ceramics. He made many 

 valuable contributions to the mu-cum, includim: a 

 superb collection of Chinese and Japanese porce- 

 lain and pottery, exhibited for years at the liethnal 

 -urn. Hi- |KTs4UiaI 'influence secured to 

 th- British Museum also gifts and legacies of other 

 valuable collect i Be published " Reoeni I 



rations and Discoveries on the site of An i< i, 

 thage" (1860); "Hone Ferale.-, l,v .1. .M. Kemble 

 (edited, 180:: >: -Guide t,, the Christy Collection of 

 Prehistoric Antiquities and Ethnography" (1868); 

 "Catalogue of a Collection of Oriental Porcelain 

 ami 1 i work of much value <1S7U); and 



- Japanese Pottery" (edited. 1880). 



Freitenliis. Carl Re mi -in-, a German chemist. 

 born in r'raiikfort-on-thi-.Miiin in 1H V : di>-| in 

 Wiesbaden. June 11, 181)7. After leaving sehool 

 and passing through an apprenticeship with an 

 apothecar if f., r hi- later 



n thi-l'tiiversityof Bonn, whence he went into 

 the laboratory of Li. -big. who. in 1H41, made him 

 his assistant. After taking his doctor* 



he settled in the follow; the Uni- 



versity of Giessen, whi.-h h,- left in 1845 to become 

 Professor of Phvaka, ( h.-mi-try. anl Technology in 

 the agricultural institute at ft'iesbaden. In 1848 



-unded the chemical lab. ratory that in the 

 course of a half centurv has extended his fame to 

 all countries. About 1860 he added to it a school 

 of pharmacy, and in 1895 a bacteriological labora- 

 tory. In 1862 he started the journal of analytical 

 chemistry which, together with his manual of quali- 

 tative analysis, established his reputation as chief 

 of analytical chemists. He published works on the 



measurement of alkali and acid reactions. <m n new 



method of .tnd soda, on acid fermen- 



tation of fruit "li ;i new method of de- 



al |N.i-..niiiL:. on the ammonia in the 



.and innumerable analyses of m,- 



dicin . sati-r-. Bis methods of instruction 



and his laboratory apparatus have been adopt* d 



.lly. 



(.Ilika. Prin |.>n , imanian stateMiian. 



born in 1M7; died in I'.u ttia 



family had L-n. picu..iis in" the hi>t< 



1 .inubiaii principalities, and he. after -t ud\ IIIL' 

 in Pa -id'ib.-d the humanitarian'and 



-pirit of the romantic -ehool. en 

 ored to awaken among his count rymcn ambit in 

 f.-r national reform and Independence, He 



part in the Ibraila cmspira. \ in l^Jl. and was shut 

 out for a time from pul)lic life and honr-. After 



tinf himself daring this period \,, nter;n 



-eientilic \\oik an<l t" hi- di. 

 Mathematics and Political Keiinomy in tl 

 sity ot be.-iime once more nn active poli- 



tician when the principal!' 1 ripe for anew 



len i-f the National 



party he had a g re at deal to do with or^anmt, 

 revolutionary movement <>! 1 s 1^. 'I'ii.- l'r-.\ i-ional 



rnment of the principalit i.-- -cut him 

 diplomatic agent to Constantinople, wh< 



tinned to reside as an exile after the fall of his po- 



litical friend^ at Buehan-t. In K> 1. on the rec- 



ommendation of Lord Stratford dc U.-ddilTe. In- 



was appointrd by the Sublime Porte to i 



orship of Samos. and for live year> he admini- 



the alTairs of the i-land witli remarkable success. 



In is.V.). when Prince <'ou/.a had at l.< 



plislied the union of Moldavia and Walladiia. p 



(Jhikft returned to Buch.v met pn'minent 



member of the Liberal < >ppo-ii i.,n. and u 



in the movement that culminated in isRO in th< 



:i of the n-i.u'nin^ prince and the election of 

 Prince Karl of Ilohen/.ollern-Si^marin^on as con- 

 stitutional ruler <>f Koiiinania. Prince (ihika was 

 Prime Minister in l s <',7. and a.u r ain in ls7n. and held 

 portfolios in -e\eral other cabinet-. In bH80 he was 

 appointed Roumanian minister in London, where 

 lie remaim-d until failing health compelled him to 

 resign in 1887. He was a di-t iii-m-h.-d and a volu- 

 minous author, and for his i I was 



elected President ..f the Roumanian Academy. 



(Gilbert. Sir John, an Kn-li-h ni in 



Blaekhi-ath. near London, in 1M7: died in Villers- 

 sur-Mer. Krancc. Oct. (5. 1^!7. lb- entered a mil- 

 e-tale aunt's ofVice in London, when', in-tcud of 

 familiari/in^ himself with the details of th- 



n. he educated himself as ai 



but nineteen \ear- old he exhibited his lir-t picture. 

 "The Arrest Of Lord Ha-iini:- by the pp-j. 

 Kiehanl II. Duke of (J! MT.-lk 



(Jallery. Lou. Ion. In is:w a portrait by him 

 Was accepted' by the I{..\. f his 



I'ictureswas accepted by the British Institution in 

 and from that time till his death he wa- COO- 

 stunt: :ed at this gallery, and occasi(nallv 



at the Royal Academy. Although exhibit it 

 the art galleries, Gilbert was not above taking 

 comini ions for work in black and white. In thi- 

 connection he received from Henry Vi/.etell\. 



: lehalfof Herbert [ngram, proprietor of Old 

 -.and subsequently founder of the 



" Illustrateil Londor ! 1841, a commi-ion 



to supply him for advertising with an engraving of 

 old Parr's gravestone in Westminster Abbev, and 

 with "designs to be made of Old Parr gathering 

 medicinal herb-. of his introduction toKi: 

 and of other incidents in the old Shropshire peas- 



ryphal long life." This led to til'.- 

 connection with the "Illustrated London News " in 



